Determination of Cu, Zn, Mn & Fe Metals in Soil Employing the EDXRF & FAAS Techniques and Comparative Study of Results

VIRENDRA SINGH1,* , DIWAKAR PADALIA2 , KAMAL DEVLAL3

1 Department of Physics, G. B. Pant University of Ag. & Tech., Pantnagar, U.S.Nagar 263145, India

2 Department of Physics, K.R Mangalam University, Gurgaon 122103, India

3 Department of Physics, School of Science, Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani 263139, India

Abstract Two analytical spectroscopic techniques viz. EDXRF and FAAS were employed in analyzing the four heavy metals i.e. Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe in 24 soil samples. The heavy metals in understudy soil were found to have very low to high concentration range and so both techniques were compared for a broader range of concentrations. Two methods, open vessel digestion and microwave oven digestion, were used to prepare the liquid samples for FAAS analysis. The results of both of the EDXRF and FAAS techniques were found comparable when high concentration element Fe was determined. However, for the low concentration values, the results were dissimilar. Some statistical methods like regression and Levene’s test are used to compare the results of both the techniques.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.42032

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/829/4/42033_JNP_varindra.pdf

Binary Fission fragmentation of 184 466,476X

S. SUBRAMANIAN1,2, C. KARTHIKRAJ3 , AND S. SELVARAJ1

1 Department of Physics, The M. D. T. Hindu College Tirunelveli - 627010, Tamilnadu, India.

2 Department of Physics, V. O. Chidambaram College Tuticorin - 628008, Tamilnadu, India.

3 Department of Physics, Nanjing University Nanjing - 210093, People’s Republic of China.

Email: ssmanian73@gmail.com

Abstract Based on the statistical theory of fission, we discuss here the binary fission fragmentation of these giant nuclear systems formed in low energy U + U collisions. Here, the mass and charge distribution of fragments from the binary fission of these systems are studied at T = 1 and 2 MeV. From our results at T = 1 MeV, fragments in the near-asymmetric and near-symmetric regions pronounce higher yield values. However, at T = 2 MeV, our results are grossly different. Furthermore, the binary fragmentation with the largest yield consists of at least one closed shell nucleus. Different possible binary fission modes are presented to look for U + Ugiant nuclear systems.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.42032

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/828/4/42032_JNP_Subramanian.pdf

Understanding the Basics of Final Unification With Three Gravitational Constants Associated With Nuclear, Electromagnetic and Gravitational Interactions

U. V. S. SESHAVATHARAM1 AND S. LAKSHMINARAYANA2

1 Honorary Faculty, I-SERVE, Survey no-42, Hitex road, Hitech city, Hyderabad-84, Telangana, India.
2 Department of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-03, AP, India

Email: seshavatharam.uvs@gmail.com

Abstract With three fundamental gravitational constants assumed to be associated with strong interaction, electromagnetic interaction and gravity, we review the basics of final unification.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.42031

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/827/4/42031_JNP_Seshavatharam.pdf

Possible Alpha and 14C Cluster Emission From Hyper Radium Nuclei in The Mass Region A = 202-235

K. P. SANTHOSH AND C. NITHYA

School of Pure and Applied Physics, Kannur University, Swami Anandatheertha Campus, Payyanur 670327, INDIA

Email: drkpsanthosh@gmail.com

Abstract The possibilities for the emission of 4 He and 14C clusters from hyper 202 235 - Λ Ra are studied using our Coulomb and proximity potential model (CPPM) by including the lambda-nucleus potential. The predicted half lives show that hyper Λ 202 231 - Ra nuclei are unstable against 4 He emission and 14C emission from Λ 217 229 - Ra are favorable for measurement. Our study also show that hyper Λ 202 235 - Ra are stable against hyper Λ 4 He and Λ 14C emission. The role of neutron shell closure (N = 126) in Λ 213Rn daughter and role of proton and neutron shell closure (Z = 82, N = 126) in Λ 209Pb daughter are also revealed. As hyper nuclei decays to normal nuclei by mesonic/non-mesonic decay and since most of the predicted half lives for 4 He and 14C emission from normal Ra nuclei are favorable for measurement, we presume that alpha and 14C cluster emission from hyper Ra nuclei can be detected in laboratory in a cascade (two-step) process..

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.42030

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/826/4/42030_JNP_Santosh01.pdf

Heavy-ion Fusion Cross Sections of 32 S on 90,96 Zr Targets Using Coulomb and Proximity Potential

K. P. Santhosh and V. Bobby Jose

Abstract The fusion excitation functions for the fusion of 32S on 90,96Zr have been calculated larger value, while using one-dimensional barrier penetration model, taking scattering potential as the sum of Coulomb and proximity potential and the calculated values are compared with experimental data with considerations to shape degrees of freedom. At and above the barrier the computed cross sections match well with the experimental data, whereas below the barrier, calculations with nuclear surface tension coefficient improved by Reisdorf in the proximity potential with considerations to shape degrees of freedom give an approximate fit. Reduced reaction cross sections for the systems 32S on 90,96Zr have also been described.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.42029

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/825/4/42029_JNP_Santosh.pdf

The Dependence of Surface Diffuseness Parameter on N/Z Ratio of The Fusion of Neutron-Rich Colliding NucleiDepartment of Applied Sciences, Chitkara University, Solan – 164103 (H.P.), India.

SUMAN MITTAL AND ISHWAR DUTT*

Department of Applied Sciences, Chitkara University, Solan – 164103 (H.P.), India.

*Email: ishwar.dutt1@chitkarauniversity.edu.in

Abstract Surface diffuseness parameter used in Woods-Saxon form of potential have been extracted from a large number of experimentally studied neutron-rich fusion cross sections at near barrier energies. The results of our systematic study reveals that the extracted diffuseness parameter depend linearly on the N/Z ratio of the fusing nuclei. Further, we demonstrated that the extracted values of surface diffuseness parameter lies within the range a = 0.40 to 0.73 fm as compared to commonly accepted value form elastic scattering data i.e. 0.63 fm.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.42028

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/824/4/42028_JNP_Ishwar.pdf

Influence of Mo6+ on Dielectric properties of Copper Ferrites

B.V. RAO, P.V.L. NARAYANA AND A.D.P. RAO

Department of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India.

Email: research.angalakuduru@yahoo.com

Abstract: Two series of copper ferrites are prepared using the chemical compositional formula Cu 1.0-3y Fe 2.0-2xMo x + yO4.0. They are calcinated at 750 C and sintered at 950C. When x =y = 0.0, the ε′ of the basic copper ferrite is probably due to electronic exchange interactions of copper and iron ions as Cu2+ ↔ Cu1+ and Fe3+ ↔ Fe2+. The observed value of dielectric constant (є′) decreases as a function of substituent concentration (x) up to x = 0.20 and for further values of ‘x’ it found to increase. In the case of ‘C’ (x = 0) series ferrites є′ decreases with substituent concentration (y) up to y = 0.04, later it found to increase. The dispersion of ac resistivity with frequency is observed indicating their strong dependence on frequency as in the case of dielectric behaviour. These results are explained with different possible mechanisms.
.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.42027

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/823/4/42027_JNP_Rao.pdf

Xps Study of the Oxidation State of Uranium Dioxide

J A LÓPEZ1*, C DÍAZ MORENO1 , J MURILLO2 AND L ECHEGOYEN2

1 Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, U.S.A.

2 Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, U.S.A.

*Email: jorgelopez@utep.edu

Abstract In this article we report an investigation of the oxidation state of uranium dioxide using X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and by comparing to results obtained in previous studies. We find that uranium dioxide in powder appears to share its six valence electrons with the oxygen atoms to form crystalline UO3 .

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51022

LINK:http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/882/1/51022_JNP_L%C3%B3pez.pdf

Measurements of Neutrons In A Mixed GammaNeutron Field Using Three Different Types of Detectors

B LEAL1 , F. CASTILLO2†, J GUTIERREZ1 , JI GOLZARRI3 , I GAMBOADEBUEN1 , G. ESPINOSA3 H MARTÍNEZ2

1 Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-543, 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, México D. F., México

2 Laboratorio de Espectroscopia, Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 48-3, 62251, Cuernavaca Morelos, México

3 Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20- 364, 01000, Ciudad de México, México

Abstract A linear electron accelerator for medical use is a device for the treatment of tumors by collimated beams of electrons and/or photons. These accelerators are devices that employ electromagnetic waves of high frequency, to accelerate electrons that are used directly in the treatment of superficial tumors, or, if they are made to hit them on an appropriate target, they can produce photons of high energy destined to the treatment of deeptumors.Depending on the energy of the electrons and photons and the materials that make up the head of the accelerator and the target, this equipment will produce in addition to the aforementioned radiation, neutron fields of regular intensity. It is necessary to estimate the equivalent dose due to the neutrons themselves, the doses due to the gamma field of neutron capture, produced by the capture of thermal neutrons in the concrete of the bunker, and the gamma doses due to phenomena of neutron activation of elements of the own accelerator. It is therefore important to be able to measure (detect, quantify, dose, etc.) both photons and neutrons in these cases and others more. In this work we use three different detectors, namely a scintillator-photomultiplier system, a fast reading dosimeter and bubble detector. The idea is to measure the radiation separately and compare their results. The results obtained were the mixed gamma-neutron field spectrum, the dose due only to neutrons obtained by the bubble detectors, which is compared to the dose obtained by the second fast reading dosimeters (model 884), plus the dose obtained by the first dosimeters (model 609) and finally the dose obtained by the Victoreen dosimeter.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51021

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/881/1/51021_JNP_Castelo.pdf

Alpha Emitter Intrinsic Concentration in Copper required for Nuclear Spectrometry Application

A CAMACHO1,2, G JAWORSKI1 , G KEPPEL1 AND L SAJOBOHUS2,*

1 Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN, Viale Universitá 2, I-35020 Legnaro (Pd), Italy

2 Universidad Simón Bolívar, Laboratorio Física Nuclear, Apartado 8900, 1080 A. Caracas, Venezuela

*Email: sajobohus@gmail.com

Abstract Low-level radioactivity content in copper are employed for bolometric thermal radiation sensors and astro-nuclear spectrometers. The required lowest achievable alpha emitters concentration, for treated and untreated surfaces, are measured by Double Sided Silicon Strip Detectors in a high vacuum chamber and provide information on its intrinsic NORM content. Results shows that copper alpha emitters content can be achieved in the range below 0.01 (counts. keV- ¹·kg- ¹·y- ¹) adequate for specific nuclear spectrometry applications.

  DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51020

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/880/1/51020_JNP_Camacho.pdf

Rubber Additions into Concrete and Gamma Radiation Effects on Mechanical Properties and Microwave Absorption Capacity

J COLÍN1 , F. CASTILLO2 , B. LEAL3 , O FLORES2 , I GAMBOA3 AND H MARTÍNEZ

1 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa. C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México

2 Laboratorio de Espectroscopia, Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 48-3, 62251, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.

3 Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-543, 04510, Ciudad Universitaria México D.F. México

Abstract

Rubber is the indispensable raw material for the manufacture of tires; it is obtained from plants, trees and currently can be produced synthetically. The tire rubber is mixed with compounds such as carbon black, sulfur, cement, paints, antioxidants, oils and fats, steel wire, almost etc., making impossible to recycle the tires itself. In this work, we investigate, the effects of the incorporation of ground rubber in concrete, mixture designed to establish the possibility of being used in the construction industry. The samples of concrete were addition with, 5 vol. %., 15 vol. % and 25 vol. % of rubber. Samples with different rubber addition were irradiated by a cobalt 60 gamma source to study the effect on their mechanical compression properties and microwave absorption capacity. Likewise, the microwave absorption capacity was studied for both irradiated and the non-irradiated. It was found that between 5 vol. % and 15 vol. % of rubber addition change the mechanical properties approximately 25 %, higher rubber additions result in a decrease in a 75 % of its mechanical properties. The fracture behavior is not the expected one due to as the curves of stress vs. strain show a double slope, which is associated with the concrete porosity and rubber content. The aging with the gamma rays generates loss of mechanical properties, especially at lower rubber addition, since at content greater than 15 Vol % the radiation effect is less. These rubber additions allow moderate deformations in compression, thus contributing to the care and preservation of the environment.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51019

LINK:  http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/879/1/51019_JNP_Col%C3%ADn.pdf

Effects of Low-Energy Laser Irradiation on Sperm Cells Dynamics of Rabbit (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)

J.M. DE JESÚS-MIRANDA1 , L. A. MANDUJANO2 , F. MÉNDEZ3 , Y.J. CASTILLO1 , J. MULIA1 , C. GARCÍA4 , Y.E. FELIPE4 AND D. OSORIOGONZÁLEZ1*

1 Laboratorio de Biofísica Molecular de la Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México.

2Laboratorio de Diseño y Modelado Biofísico Molecular de la Universidad Mexiquense S. C.

3 Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Animal de la Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México.

4 Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

*Email: dog@uaemex.mx

Abstract:
 Infertility is a world disease in which a couple is unable to achieve pregnancy. There are numerous parameters to determinate fertility; nevertheless, sperm motility is by consensus one of the most important attributes to evaluate male fertility. Contributions to a better understanding of this crucial parameter are imperative; hence, the aim of this investigation was to assess the effect of low-energy laser irradiation on sperm cell dynamics in thawed samples that were cryopreserved. We used a 405 nm blue laser beam to irradiate spermatic cells from rabbit inside a temperature-controlled dispersion chamber at 37 °C; then, we applied an image recognizing system to calculate individual sperm trajectories and velocities. We found that sperms raise its motility after irradiation suggesting that λ=405 nm is an optimal wavelength for spermatic photo-stimulation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51018

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/878/1/51018_JNP_Osorio-Gonz%C3%A1lez.pdf

Study of L-Glutamic Acid in Solid State for its Possible Use as a Gamma Dosimeter at Different Temperatures (77, 195 and 295 K)

A L MELÉNDEZ-LÓPEZ1,2, J CRUZ-CASTAÑEDA1,2, A PAREDESARRIAGA1,3, A NEGRÓN-MENDOZA1*AND S RAMOS-BERNAL1

1Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM

2 Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM

3 Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM

 *Email: negrón@nucleares.unam.mx

Abstract The experimental response of the dosimeter as a function of the irradiation temperature plays an important role, and this effect has consequences in the practical applications of dosimetry. In this work, L-glutamic acid (2-aminopentanedioic acid) is proposed to be a good response, easy to handle, and a cheap gamma dosimeter. For this purpose, polycrystalline samples were irradiated with gamma rays at 77, 195, and 295 K and doses in the kiloGray range (43–230 kGy). The potential use of the glutamic acid system as a chemical dosimeter is based on the formation of stable free radicals when the amino acid is exposed to ionizing radiation. The observed species in these experiments were attributed to deamination and decarboxylation reactions that were studied using electron spin resonance (ESR). The results indicate that the analysis generates a linear response as the irradiation dose increases in a reliable range for industrial and research purposes at three different temperatures.

 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51017

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/877/1/51017_JNP_MELENDEZ%20-%20NEGRON.pdf

Radio-Optically- and Thermally Stimulated Luminescence of Zn(BO2 ) 2 :Tb3+ exposed to Ionizing Radiation

E CRUZ-ZARAGOZA1*, G CEDILLO DEL ROSARIO1,2, M GARCÍA HIPÓLITO2 , J MARCAZZÓ3 , J M HERNÁNDEZ A4 , E CAMARILLO4 AND H MURRIETA S4

1 Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 70-543, 04510 Ciudad de México, México

2 Posgrado en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales-UNAM, A. P. 70-360, 04510 Ciudad de México, México

3 Instituto de Física Arroyo Seco-CIFICEN, CONICET-UNCPBA, Pinto 399, 7000 Tandil, Argentina

4 Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 20-364, 01000 Ciudad de México, México

*Email: ecruz@nucleares.unam.mx

Abstract The optical absorption of zinc tetraborate at different concentrations of the terbium impurity (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 mol%) was analyzed. The radioluminescence (RL) emission spectra was obtained after beta irradiation of a 90Sr/90Y source. The RL spectrum showed the characteristics bands of Tb3+ with two main emissions at 489 nm and 546 nm which corresponding to the5 D4 →7 F6 and 5 D4 →7 F5 transitions respectively in this ion. The OSL and TL characteristics have been analyzed. The stimulation blue light (497 nm) of a diode laser at 500 mA was used to bleach the thermoluminescent (TL) signals obtained with 5Gy of 60Co source. The two main glow peaks (79 and 161 °C) are sensitives under 497 nm stimulation, and they were shifted to higher temperature values and faded their TL intensities. Similar behavior of TL glow curves before and after OSL stimulation with blue light was observed when the samples were exposed to 30 Gy gamma dose of 137Cs irradiator. The OSL signal response was linear with the dose range of 1-10 Gy and increased their response up to 200 Gy gamma dose. The OSL shows a bleaching sensitive shallow traps and diminishing the intensity of the TL glow curves remaining a complex traps distribution. The RL, TL and OSL properties were investigated in Zn(BO2 )2 :Tb3+ phosphor.

 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51016

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/876/1/51016_JNP_%20ECruz-Zaragoza.pdf

Study of L-Glutamic Acid in Solid State for its Possible Use as a Gamma Dosimeter at Different Temperatures (77, 195 and 295 K)

A L MELÉNDEZ-LÓPEZ1,2, J CRUZ-CASTAÑEDA1,2, A PAREDESARRIAGA1,3, A NEGRÓN-MENDOZA1*AND S RAMOS-BERNAL1

1Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM

2 Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM

3 Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM

 *Email: negrón@nucleares.unam.mx

Abstract The experimental response of the dosimeter as a function of the irradiation temperature plays an important role, and this effect has consequences in the practical applications of dosimetry. In this work, L-glutamic acid (2-aminopentanedioic acid) is proposed to be a good response, easy to handle, and a cheap gamma dosimeter. For this purpose, polycrystalline samples were irradiated with gamma rays at 77, 195, and 295 K and doses in the kiloGray range (43–230 kGy). The potential use of the glutamic acid system as a chemical dosimeter is based on the formation of stable free radicals when the amino acid is exposed to ionizing radiation. The observed species in these experiments were attributed to deamination and decarboxylation reactions that were studied using electron spin resonance (ESR). The results indicate that the analysis generates a linear response as the irradiation dose increases in a reliable range for industrial and research purposes at three different temperatures.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51017

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/877/1/51017_JNP_MELENDEZ%20-%20NEGRON.pdf

Sperm Hyperactivation and Capacitation Induced By Light Stimuli in Cryopreserved Semen

V. SOTO1 , M.A. FUENTES1 , G. NAVIDAD1 , R.N. MEZA1 , L.A. MANDUJANO2 , A.G. SALAZAR1 , C. FERNÁNDEZ3 , C. GARCÍA4 ,Y.E. FELIPE-PÉREZ4 AND D. OSORIO-GONZÁLEZ1*.

1 Laboratorio de Biofísica Molecular de la Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México.

2 Laboratorio de Diseño y Modelado Biofísico Molecular de la Universidad Mexiquense, S. C.

3 Clinica Fertilidad “Biología de la Reproducción” del Hospital Materno Perinatal “Mónica Pretelini Sáenz” Adscripción

4 Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Email: dog@uaemex.mx

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51015

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/875/1/51015_JNP_D.%20Osorio.pdf

Implementation of a Low Cost For Internal Dosimetry Radiological Survey of Ionization Radiation Exposed Workers In Nuclear Medicine Services

J VALLE1,2*, A ANGELES2 AND T GARCÍA2

1 Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan esq. Jesús Carranza, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.

2 Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera México-Toluca, La Marquesa, Ocoyoacac 52750, Estado de Mexico, Mexico.

1,*Email: jvaller@outlook.com

Abstract Because the nature of the routine activities carried on in nuclear medicine services, where several not sealed radioactive sources are used, the occupational personal exposed to ionization radiation (POE) is exposed to both, internal and external radioactive contamination and direct radiation also. The most important radioisotope from the point of view of radiological risk in such Nuclear Medicine Services (NMS) is the 131I. The Mexican official regulatory organization in radiological and nuclear safety: Comisión de Seguridad Nuclear y Salvaguardias (CNSNS) specify, as a requirement in the operation license of Nuclear Medicine Services the mandatory of internal and external dosimetry survey of POE. The external dosimetry survey is normally carried out but the internal dosimetry survey is not easy to do, because internal dosimetry systems are too expensive and in Mexico there are only three organizations (CFE-CLV, ININ, CNSNS) where there are these systems but they aren´t easily available for the Nuclear Medicine Services. Because that before fact, we propose a single, and low cost system (SLCS) to survey the internal dosimetry of POE. This system is based in a scintillation NaI(Tl) 2x2 detector and a common radiation monitor tipically used in the routine radiation and contamination measures, with a minimal infrastructure investment. This system is numerical calibrated with Montecarlo method, and compared with an well established commercial System being a good function corresponding. This system is easy to implementing in any nuclear medicine to complain the requirement of operation license in the internal dosimetry POE survey.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51014

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/874/1/51014_JNP_Valle.pdf

Radiolysis of the Glycolaldehyde-Na+ Montmorillonite and Glycolaldehyde-Fe3+Montmorillonite Systems in Aqueous Suspension under Gamma Radiation Fields: Implications in Chemical Evolution

J. CRUZ-CASTAÑEDA1, 2, A. L. MELÉNDEZ-LÓPEZ1, 2, S. RAMOS-BERNAL1 AND A. NEGRÓN-MENDOZA1*

1Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM. Cd. Universitaria, A. P. 70-543, 04510 México, D. F. México

2 Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Químicas, UNAM. Cd. Universitaria, A. P. 70-543, 04510 México, D. F. México

* Email: negron@nucleares.unam.mx

Abstract The stability and reactivity of organic molecules with biological and pre-biological significance in primitive conditions are of paramount importance in chemical evolution studies. Sugars are an essential component in biological systems for the different roles that they play in living beings. The objective of the present work is to study the gamma radiolysis of aqueous solutions of glycolaldehyde, the simplest sugar and aqueous suspensions of glycolaldehydeNa+ -montmorillonite and glycolaldehyde-Fe3+Montmorillonite. Our results indicate that the radiolysis of the aqueous solutions of glycolaldehyde (0.03M), oxygen free, mainly produce the linear dimer known as eritriol (122 g/mol) and a sugar-like compound with six carbon atoms (180 g/mol). The experiments with the clay suspensions show that clays can adsorb glycolaldehyde and protect it from gamma irradiation. Additionally, it was observed that depending on the cation present in the clay, the percentage and the product (monomer or cyclic dimer) adsorption was different. In the case of Fe3+ Montmorillonite, this clay catalyzed the decomposition of glycolaldehyde, forming small amounts nonidentified products. The analysis of these systems was performed by ATRFTIR, UV spectroscopy, liquid chromatography (UHPLC-UV), and HPLC coupled to a mass spectrometry.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51013

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/873/1/51013_JNP_Negrón-Mendoza.pdf

Thermoluminescent Characteristics of Li2 B4 O7 Doped with Mn2+ and Eu3+ Ions

P. TREJO-GARCÍA 1, E. CRUZ-ZARAGOZA3 , R. ACEVES2 , J. E. ESPINOSA1 , R. PALOMINO MERINO1*

1 Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, B. Universidad Autónoma de Puebla., Pue., Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla, Pue., México. P.O. Box 1067, C.P. 72001 México.

2 Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Apdo. Postal 5-088, 83190 Hermosillo Sonora, México.

3 Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70- 543, 04510 Ciudad de México, México

1*Email: palomino@fcfm.buap.mx

Abstract 
Analysis of thermoluminescent properties were made for two samples; Li2 B4 O7 , Li2 B4 O7 :Mn2+:Eu3+. These samples were prepared by melt quenching method. The glow curves of the samples show two broad peaks at 160º C and 245 ºC, and a high peak at 130ºC for Li2 B4 O7 doped. The response of the materials were analyzed according to the doses (0.2-80 Gy), fading (0- 72 hours) and reproducibility of the experiment (10 times). To determine how the glow curve is formed, thermal bleaching for a dose of 5 Gy were made from room temperature to 300º C. Besides, X-ray diffraction patterns were recorded to identify the structure and grain size of the samples.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51012

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/872/1/51012_JNP_Merino.pdf

Radio-Optically- and Thermally Stimulated Luminescence of Zn(BO2 ) 2 :Tb3+ exposed to Ionizing Radiation

E CRUZ-ZARAGOZA1*, G CEDILLO DEL ROSARIO1,2, M GARCÍA HIPÓLITO2 , J MARCAZZÓ3 , J M HERNÁNDEZ A4 , E CAMARILLO4 AND H MURRIETA S4

1Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 70-543, 04510 Ciudad de México, México

2 Posgrado en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales-UNAM, A. P. 70-360, 04510 Ciudad de México, México

3 Instituto de Física Arroyo Seco-CIFICEN, CONICET-UNCPBA, Pinto 399, 7000 Tandil, Argentina

4 Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 20-364, 01000 Ciudad de México, México

*Email: ecruz@nucleares.unam.mx

Abstract The optical absorption of zinc tetraborate at different concentrations of the terbium impurity (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 mol%) was analyzed. The radioluminescence (RL) emission spectra was obtained after beta irradiation of a 90Sr/90Y source. The RL spectrum showed the characteristics bands of Tb3+ with two main emissions at 489 nm and 546 nm which corresponding to the5 D4 →7 F6 and 5 D4 →7 F5 transitions respectively in this ion. The OSL and TL characteristics have been analyzed. The stimulation blue light (497 nm) of a diode laser at 500 mA was used to bleach the thermoluminescent (TL) signals obtained with 5Gy of 60Co source. The two main glow peaks (79 and 161 °C) are sensitives under 497 nm stimulation, and they were shifted to higher temperature values and faded their TL intensities. Similar behavior of TL glow curves before and after OSL stimulation with blue light was observed when the samples were exposed to 30 Gy gamma dose of 137Cs irradiator. The OSL signal response was linear with the dose range of 1-10 Gy and increased their response up to 200 Gy gamma dose. The OSL shows a bleaching sensitive shallow traps and diminishing the intensity of the TL glow curves remaining a complex traps distribution. The RL, TL and OSL properties were investigated in Zn(BO2 )2 :Tb3+ phosphor.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51016

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/876/1/51016_JNP_%20ECruz-Zaragoza.pdf

Radon Exhalation from Industrial Residues as Suitable Additives for Building Materials

H BARROS1 , * G ESPINOSA2 , W RODRIGUEZ1 AND L SAJO-BOHUS1

1 Universidad Simón Bolívar. Apartado 89000, Caracas 1080 A, Venezuela.

2 Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México

 *Email: hbarros@usb.ve

Abstract Radon exhalation from phosphogypsum (PG) and red mud (RM) samples are of environmental concern. The study is oriented to evaluate by different nuclear techniques, industrial materials cumulated in sites at Morón (PG) and Puerto Ordaz (RM) in Venezuela. RM samples and industrial by products are assessed for its potential use as additives in building materials regarding its radiological health risk. Radioactive matter concentration in RM is up to 11.6 kBq.kg-1. Radon concentration range for RM dry powder is between DL and 2.5 kBq.m- ³ and for PG is between 105-340 Bq.m- ³. Results indicate that industrial by product before it can be used as additive; require remedial actions to lower the environmental impact. Experimental values are compared with locally available cement, bricks and gypsum building materials.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51011

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/871/1/51011_JNP_bannoza.pdf

Radiolysis of Nucleosides: Study of Sedimentary Microenvironment Models for the Protection of Bio-Organic Molecules on Early Earth

E Y AGUILAR-OVANDO1,2* AND A NEGRÓN-MENDOZA1

1 Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares (ICN), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)

2 Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM)

*Email: ellen.aguilar@nucleares.unam.mx

Abstract Nucleic acid bases and their derivatives are important compounds in biological systems. Many efforts have been made to demonstrate the possible prebiotic origin of these molecules, but the abiotic synthesis of these compounds has proved to be very difficult in that conditions. So, if their synthesis actually took place, a study of their stability in prebiotic conditions is quite relevant in chemical evolution studies. In this work, it has been examined and compared the influence of Sodium Montmorillonite on the chemical transformations undergone by two nucleosides (guanosine – purinic– and uridine, –pyrimidinic–) when subjected to conditions simulating the primitive Earth during the period of chemical evolution. The experiments prove the concentration capacity and protective role against external sources of ionizing radiation (specifically γ-ray) that clays can provide to these specific compounds adsorbed on them. By using X-ray diffraction, UVvis spectrophotometry and HPLC for the analysis, it was found that purinic nucleosides (more than pyrimidinic) are quickly adsorbed on clay at low pH values, and the temperature of mineral desiccation applied after adsorption promotes their decomposition into their corresponding nitrogenous bases. In both, purinic and pyrimidinic, desorption occurs in neutral or slightly basic aqueous solutions, and both are protected by clay. Pyrimidinic nucleosides show more resistance to heat, but less resistance towards ionizing radiation, even when adsorbed in clay.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51010

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/870/1/51010_JNP_Aguilar%20-%20Negron.pdf

Application of a CdTe Detector for Measurements of Mammographic X-ray Spectra

J C SANTOS 1*, A TOMAL2 AND P R COSTA1 .

1 Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil

2 Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP, Brazil

*Email: josilene@usp.br

Abstract 
This work aims to characterize mammographic x-ray beams incident and transmitted by breast phantoms (from 0 to 45 mm) composed from known proportion of glandular and adipose tissue-equivalent materials. This study was performed for mammographic x-ray beams generated by a mammography equipment using different target/filter combinations (Mo/Mo, Mo/Rh and W/Rh). It was studied the modification of spectra shape of the beams transmitted through different thicknesses of these materials. It was also evaluated the penetrability of these transmitted beams by its correlations to the HVL, which were experimentally estimated and derived from the x-ray spectra measured using a spectrometry system with a CdTe detector. The x-ray spectra transmitted by the phantom with higher density presented lower intensity than those transmitted by those with lower density, as expected. The differences between the HVL values derived from the spectra and those estimated using air kerma measurements are lesser than 6% for about 88% of the spectra measured in this work. The expected spectra variations with phantom thickness, revealed by the measured transmitted x-ray spectra, were also confirmed by HVL measurements and agree with the estimated attenuation curves. The motivation of the study was related to the robustness of the spectra as a descriptor of radiation beams and the possibility of using these transmitted spectra for dose assessment related to mammographic procedures. We can conclude that developed method is able to characterize mammographic x-ray beams making it possible the use of this kind of data for dose assessment in mammography.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51009

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/869/1/51009_JNP_Josilene%20Santos%20-%20Brasil.pdf

Characterization Of Structures Of Equivalent Tissue With a Pixel Detector

M.C GRADOS LUYANDO* , B. DE CELIS ALONSO, E. MORENO BARBOSA, M.I. MARTÍNEZ HERNÁNDEZ, J.M. HERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ AND G. TEJEDA MUÑOZ

1 Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla

*Email: carminagl87@gmail.com

Abstract 
Research using hybrid pixel detectors in medical physics is on the rise. Timepix detectors have arrays of 256 × 256 pixels with a resolution of 55 µm. Here, and by using Timepix counts instead of Hounsfield units, we present a calibration curve of a Timepix detector analog to those used for CT calibration. Experimentation consisted of the characterization of electron density in 10 different kinds of tissue equivalent samples from a CIRS 062M phantom (lung, 3 kinds of bones, fat, breast, muscle, water and air). Radiation of the detector was performed using an orthodontic X-ray machine at 70 KeV and .06 second of tube current with a purpose-built aluminum collimator. Data acquisition was performed at 1 frame per second and taking 3 frames per phantom. We were able to find a curve whose behavior was similar to others already published. This will lead to the verification of the usage of Timepix for identification of different tissues in an organ.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51008

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/868/1/51008_JNP_Grados%20-%20Buap.pdf

Analysis and characterization of neutron scattering of a Linear Accelerator (LINAC) on medical applications.

A. LIMA FLORES1 , R. PALOMINO-MERINO1 , E. ESPINOSA1 , V.M. CASTAÑO2 , L. GUZMÁN-GATICA3 AND G. ESPINOSA4

1 Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Avenida San Claudio y 18 Sur, Colonia San Manuel, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla C.P.72570, México

2 Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro C.P.76230, México

3 Servicios de Salud del Estado de Puebla, Antiguo Camino a Guadalupe Hidalgo 11350, Puebla C.P. 72490, México

4 Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación Científica, Ciudad Universitaria, México D.F. C.P.04510, México

*Email: jaflores8630@gmail.com

Abstract 

In several theoretical and experimental studies, the topic of the undesirable generation of photoneutrons in rooms where a linear accelerator (LINAC) operates has been discussed. When energies above 10 MeV are used to produce X-rays and give radiotherapy treatment to patients resulting in additional radiation to patients. Accordingly, an analysis and characterization of the neutron scattering distribution on different zones in a treatment room contributes to evaluate the radiological health risk to patients, technical and other workers involved in treatment. For the evaluation, a device developed at the PAD-IFUNAM formed by a CR-39 detector enclosed by two 3mm thick acrylic plates was employed. To avoid environmental contamination, the CR-39 and the acrylics plates are enclosed in a round plastic box. Sixteen of these devices were settled in different places inside the treatment room, where a linear accelerator is used. The results show a significant concentration of neutron scattering in areas near the head of irradiation. The recommendation will be to evaluate the neutron scattering concentration in all rooms that’s operates a LINAC in order to verify the radiological health risk and to mitigate the neutron scattering when concentration levels are to high like those in our case, in order to avoid unnecessary exposition to patients and personnel in general. 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51007

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/867/1/51007_JNP_Lima-Flores%20Buap.pdf

Study of H2/N2Mixture Plasma Treatment on the AISI 1045

E. PARDO L.1*, J.G. GONZÁLEZ- RODRÍGUEZ1 , B CAMPILLO2 , F. CASTILLO2 , O. FLORES2 AND H. MARTINEZ2

1 Center of Research in Engineering and Applied Science, FCQeI UAEM., Av. Univ. 1001 Col., Chamilpa 62209, Cuernavaca Mor., Mexico

2 Institute of Physical Sciences, Autonomous National University of Mexico, P.O. Box 48-3, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa 62210, Cuernavaca Mor., Mexico

*Email: esteban.pardo@uaem.mx

Abstract:
 In the present work, we analyzed the effect of the plasma treatment of 80% H2 /20% N2 mixture plasma over the AISI 1045 steel. To produce the plasma, an AC discharge of 0.1 A at 350 V was produced at a total pressure of 3.0 Torr. The mixture plasma was analyzed using optical emission spectroscopy (OES), in the wavelength range of 200 to 1100 nm. The principal species observed in the plasma were NH, N2 , N2 +, H2 , and Hα. The electron temperature and ion density have been measured using a double Langmuir probe. The samples of steel were treated by plasma at different discharge times, between 3 and 12 h, at the same pressure and AC parameters (0.1 A and 350 V). The treated samples were characterized using X-ray analysis, finding the phases gamma and epsilon of iron nitride. The thickness of the nitrided layers was measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). From the images obtained, it is possible to appreciate the interphase between the nitrided layer and the steel matrix. The relationship between the morphology of the surface of nitrided steel and the wetting was analyzed by measuring the contact angle between the surface and a drop of 5 µL of distilled water. The contact angle of the drop increased with the increase of plasma treatment time. The control sample without treatment presented a smaller angle, and after the treatment the surfaces of the steel became hydrophobic. This may be related to the morphology change of the steel surface produced by plasma treatment.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51006

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/866/1/51006_JNP_Pardo%20-%20Fermin.pdf

Study of secondary muons detected within the tunnels of the Cholula pyramid

E. MORENO-BARBOSA1*, J.E. ESPINOSA-ROSALES1 , J. COTZOMI-PALETA1 , B DE CELIS-ALONSO1 , M. CRUZ-SÁNCHEZ2 , E. MERLO-JUÁREZ2 , P. TREJOGARCÍA1 , A. LIMA-FLORES1 , R. PALOMINO-MERINO1

1 Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Avenida San Claudio y 18 Sur, Col. San Manuel, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla, Puebla. C.P. 72570, México.

2 Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia , Delegación Puebla, Zona Arqueológica de Cholula, 8 norte núm. 2, colonia centro , San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, C.P. 72760, México

*Email: emoreno@fcfm.buap.mx

Abstract 

The pyramid of Cholula was built at the beginning of 100 B.C. and during of period of 500 years it was finished, had several new constructions, based on the previous constructions. The primarily material of construction is the adobe. Early in 1931 archaeological excavations began with the intention of exploring the interior of the pyramid, excavations were stopped in 1971, and to date no further excavations have been carried out. This work shows the first measurements of muons, particles that are very penetrating, these are generated by primary cosmic rays that was incoming in the atmosphere and these generates a rain of secondary particles, among them the muons. To measure this kind of particles was implemented a detector system, it is formed by a scintillator plastic coupled to a tube photomultiplier; the signals were acquired by mean of an oscilloscope. The detector was collocated near of the center of the pyramid; the location belongs to the maxima concentration in mass over the detector. Graphs of the charge distribution, maximum amplitude and characteristic rise times of the generated pulses in a plastic scintillator are shown, this is scintillator was synthesized in the materials laboratory of the FCFM-BUAP. In addition the optical characterization of the same was realized.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51005

LINK:http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/865/1/51005_JNP_Moreno%20-%20Palomino.pdf

Multiphoton Ionization of Uracil at 355 nm

E. PRIETO1 , A. GUERRERO1 , D. MARTÍNEZ1 , I. ÁLVAREZ1 , AND C. CISNEROS1*

1 Instituto de Ciencias Físicas-UNAM, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Mor.

*Email: carmen@fis.unam.mx

Abstract We present the experimental results from ionization and dissociation by multiphoton absorption (MPI) of uracil and a mixture of uracil with Ar using a Reflectron time of flight spectrometer along with radiation from 355 nm at pulsed Nd:YAG laser . We focus on the light ions production. The MPI mass spectra show that the presence and intensity of the resulting ions depend on the density power of the laser. The resulting ions in the mass spectra are identified and found similar behavior in the case of H+ and C+ as when multiple charged ions are used. Different results were found in contrast with those, recently reported, when electrons or photons of other wavelength were used. The number of 355nm absorbed photons was calculated accordingly to Keldysh theory and similar results were fond using pure uracil or uracil-Ar mixture. Our results are compared with those obtained in other laboratories under different experimental conditions, some of them show only partial agreement and differences are discussed. 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51004

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/864/1/51004_JNP_Prieto%20-%20Cisneros.pdf

X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Ground Coffee

MARÍA CRISTINA HERNÁNDEZ1 , DARÍO ROMERO1 , HUMBERTO TORRES1 , JAVIER MIRANDA2,3*, AND A. ENRIQUE HERNÁNDEZ-LÓPEZ2

1 Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, 04510, Coyoacán, Cd. Mx., MEXICO

2 Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20- 364, 01000 Álvaro Obregón, Cd. Mx., MEXICO 3 Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Investigación Científica, 04510, Coyoacán, Cd. Mx., MEXICO

*Email: miranda@fisica.unam.mx

Abstract :

Coffee is becoming one of the most popular beverages in Mexico. In the present work, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) was used to determine the contents of several elements (with atomic numbers between 11 and 38) in 11 samples of commercial ground coffee, comparing with another one of soluble coffee and two of used ground coffee. Samples were dried at room temperature and pelletized. XRF analyses were carried out using a spectrometer based on an Rh X-ray tube, registering the characteristic x-rays with a Silicon Drift Detector. The system detection calibration and accuracy check was performed through the analysis of NIST certified reference materials 1547 (peach leaves), 1570a (spinach leaves), 1573a (tomato leaves), and 1571 (orchid leaves). As a general rule, the elemental concentrations measured are similar in all samples of coffee, in values not exceeding toxic levels. However, the differences among the elemental concentrations are shown.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51003

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/863/1/51003_JNP_Miranda.pdf

Radiation Induced Oxidation Reactions of Ferrous Ions: An Agent-based Model

A.L. RIVERA1,2,*, A.S. RAMOS-BERNAL1 , A. NEGRÓN-MENDOZA

1 Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, México.

2 Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

*E-mail: ana.rivera@nucleares.unam.mx

Abstract:
Chemical Fricke dosimeter in the laboratory can be submitted to gamma radiation at low temperatures to study the evolution of oxidation reactions induced by radiation, a key process to understand the formation of complex molecules. Products generated by the interaction of the different elements under radiation can be determined through a mathematical model that considers chemical reactions as coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations involving the mass balance of all the species in the reaction. In this paper is implemented an alternative way of solving this system of equations, species’ concentrations are calculated through an agent-based model implemented in Python. The model is a modified version of the prey-predator model where each chemical specie involved is considered as an agent that can interact with other specie with known reaction rates leading to production (source terms) and to destruction (sink terms). Here, the radiation is a factor that affects product formation while the bath temperature modifies the reaction speed. This model can reproduce experimental concentrations of products and the consumption of ferrous ions from a laboratory reaction of irradiation of iron salt solutions at 3 different temperatures (dry ice, liquid nitrogen, and room temperature).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51002

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/862/1/51002_JNP_%20RIVERA%20-%20NEGRON.pdf

Atomic Multiplet and Charge Transfer Effects in the Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (RIXS) Spectra at the Nickel L2,3 Edge of NiF2

J JIMÉNEZ-MIER,1,* P OLALDE-VELASCO,2 P DE LA MORA,3 W-L YANG,4 AND J DENLINGER4

1 Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM, 04510 Ciudad de México, México
2 Instituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, A. Postal J-48 Puebla,         Puebla 72750, Mexico
3 Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, 04510 Ciudad de México, México
4 The Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

 *Email: jimenez@nucleares.unam.mx

Abstract Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) is used to study the electronic structure of NiF2 , which is the most ionic of the nickel compounds. RIXS can be viewed as a coherent two-steps process involving the absorption and the emission of x-rays. The soft x-ray absorption spectrum (XAS) at the metal L2,3 edge indicate the importance of atomic multiplet effects. RIXS spectra at L2,3 contain clearly defined emission peaks corresponding to d-excited states of Ni2+ at energies few eV below the elastic emission, which is strongly suppressed. These results are confirmed by atomic multiplet calculations using the Kramers-Heisenberg formula for RIXS processes. For larger energy losses, the emission spectra have a broad charge-transfer peak that results from the decay of hybridized Ni(3d)-F(2p) valence states. This is confirmed by comparison of the absorption and emission spectra recorded at the nickel L and fluorine K edges with F p and Ni d partial density of states using LDA + U calculations. Keywords: Core-level spectroscopies. RIXS, Nickel difluoride, Electronic structure

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http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/861/1/51001_JNP_JIMENEZ.pdf