Stability of Pyruvic Acid Adsorbed Onto Clays and Exposed to Ionizing Radiation: Relevance in Chemical Evolution

 

• R. C Acosta-Fernández
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences (ICN), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM); Faculty of Chemistry, UNAM
• A. Heredia-Barbero
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences (ICN), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)
• A. Negrón-Mendoza
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences (ICN), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2020.72011

Keywords: Chemical evolution, Pyruvic acid, Clays, Gamma radiation

Abstract

Chemical evolution studies focus on the synthesis and stability of organic molecules during various transformative physicochemical processes. Gaining insight into the possible mechanisms behind these processes requires the use of various energy sources and catalysts that can produce such transformations. In this work, ionizing radiation (⁶⁰Co) was used as a source of energy, and two clays with different exchangeable cations-sodium and iron (III)-were combined with pyruvic acid, a key alpha keto acid in metabolism. The samples of pyruvic acid were prepared at a concentration of 0.01 M; then, adsorption experiments were carried out by combining sodium or iron montmorillonite at different times. The amount that adsorbed onto iron montmorillonite was greater than the amount that adsorbed onto sodium montmorillonite. Samples of alpha keto acid at the same concentration were irradiated-in the absence of clay-at 0 to 146.1 kGy and at two pHs (6.7 and 2.0). The suspended samples with sodium and iron clay were then irradiated at the same doses. The results show that keto acid decomposes more quickly at more acidic pHs. The main reaction to irradiation without clay involves the dimerization of pyruvic acid, and 2,3-dimethyltartaric acid is the majority product. When irradiated in the presence of clay, the main reaction is decarboxylation, and acetic acid is the majority product. The exchangeable cation type modifies the interactions between the organic molecule and the solid phase. The percentage of recovered pyruvic acid is higher for iron montmorillonite than for sodium montmorillonite.

 

References

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I. Draganic and Z. D. Draganic. The Radiation Chemistry of Water (Elsevier Science, Saint Louis 2014).

 

Issue

Vol 7 No 2 (2020): Special Issue 

 

 

How to Cite

R. C Acosta-Fernández; A. Heredia-Barbero; A. Negrón-Mendoza. Stability of Pyruvic Acid Adsorbed Onto Clays and Exposed to Ionizing Radiation: Relevance in Chemical Evolution. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2020, 7, 97-101.

 

Spectrophotometric Study of Polymeric DyesGels After a Gamma Irradiation Process for its Possible Use as a Radiation Dosimeter

 

• A L Meléndez-López
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico; Institute of Geology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), ), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• M F García-Hurtado
  Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• J Cruz-Castañeda
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• A Negrón-Mendoza
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• S Ramos-Bernal
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• A Heredia
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2020.72008

Keywords: Polymeric dyes gels, Linearity dose -response, Gamma radiation

Abstract

This work aims to evaluate a dosimetric system composed of green malachite supported in agarose. Previous work showed that solutions of green malachite irradiated at 1 to 40 kGy present a linear behavior. This system is a gel composed of green malachite (2.5×10^–3 M), sodium benzoate (1%),
and agarose (1%) that was exposed tovarious doses of gamma irradiation. The irradiated systems were measured with a UV-V is spectrophotometer at 619 nm. Experimental parameters (such as dose rate, doses, and temperature) were controlled and optimized for reproducible and reliable results. More studies are needed to propose a dosimeter in the system in the range of 1.8 to 4.0 kGy.

 

References

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A. Meléndez-López, A. Negrón-Mendoza, V. Gómez-Vidales, R. M. Uribe, and S. Ramos-Bernal, Radiat. Phys. Chem. 104, 230 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.03.012

A. Niroomand‐Rad, C.R. Blackwell, B.M. Coursey, K.P. Gall, J.M. Galvin, W.L. McLaughlin, A.S. Meigooni, R. Nath, J.E. Rodgers and CG. Soares, Med. Phys. 25, 2093 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.598407

A. J. Swallow and A. Charlesby, Radiation Chemistry of Organic Compounds: International Series of Monographs on Radiation Effects in Materials. (Elsevier Science, 1960).

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J. W. T. Spinks and R. J. Woods, An Introduction to Radiation Chemistry (Wiley, 1990).

 

Issue

Vol 7 No 2 (2020): Special Issue

 

How to Cite

A L Meléndez-López; M F García-Hurtado; J Cruz-Castañeda; A Negrón-Mendoza; S Ramos-Bernal; A Heredia. Spectrophotometric Study of Polymeric DyesGels After a Gamma Irradiation Process for Its Possible Use As a Radiation Dosimeter. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2020, 7, 77-81.

 

Gamma Radiation Doses Effects on Mechanical Properties and Microwave Absorption Capacity of Rubber Doped Concrete

• J. Colín
  Molecular Biophysics Laboratory of the Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Mexico
• F. Castillo
  Molecular Biophysical Modeling and Design Laboratory, Mexiquense University, S. C.
• J.C. Peralta-Abarca
  Molecular Biophysics Laboratory of the Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Mexico
• B. Leal
  Multiscale Molecular Bioengineering Laboratory of the Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Mexico
• O. Flores
  Molecular Biophysical Modeling and Design Laboratory, Mexiquense University, S. C.
• I. Gamboa
  Multiscale Molecular Bioengineering Laboratory of the Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Mexico
• H. Martínez
  Molecular Biophysical Modeling and Design Laboratory, Mexiquense University, S. C.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2018.61021

Keywords: Concrete, waste tire rubber, ecological materials, mechanical properties, microwave absorption, gamma radiation

Abstract

The main raw material for the construction industry is concrete; whose fundamental components are the fine and coarse aggregates, water and cement. For the obtaining of these materials are necessary activities that generate environmental deterioration, since the aggregates are extracted from quarries or river banks and for each ton made of cement is emitted into the atmosphere a great lot of carbon dioxide. In this way, the present work is developed with the purpose of contributing to the research that can help the conservation of basic natural resources through the use of waste polymers such as waste tire rubber, in the production of concrete, hoping to reduce its harmful environmental impact. This work focuses on the one hand, in the study of the effects of the incorporation to the concrete, of different proportions of scratched rubber coming from waste tires, on its mechanical properties and on its capacity for microwaves absorption. On the other hand, it is also studied the effect of aging by applying different doses of gamma radiation on the before mentioned properties, seeking with this the possibility that it can be used in the construction industry either as structural material or as a coating. Replacements were made between 5% and 25% of rubber in order to do not significantly affecting the mechanical properties of the concrete. The results of the mechanical and microwave tests performed on the different samples with different gamma radiation doses were compared and it was found that open the possibility of research with great benefits such as the use of waste tires in the designing of concrete mixtures and the improvement of its properties. It is considered important to point out the economic benefit in the context of sustainable development, which involves solving the problem of environmental pollution caused by waste tires, to achieve the welfare of the population by improving their quality of life.

 

References

M. R. Taha, A. S. El-Dieb and M. Nehdi, “Recycling tire rubber in cement-based material,” Concrete With Recycled Materials, ACI Committee 555, (2008).

R. K. Dhir, M. C. Limbachiya and K. A. Paine (Ed.), Recycling and Use of Tires. London: Thomas Telford, (2001). https://doi.org/10.1680/rarout.29958

K. M. Brown, R. Cumming, J. R. Morzek and P. Terrebonno, Scrap Tire Disposal: Three Principles for Policy of Choice. Natural Resources Journal, 41(1), 9–22 (2001).

H. Briodsky, “The important role retreads can play in reducing the scrap tire problem,” in Recycling and Use of Use of Tyres, R. K. Dhir, M. C. Limbachiya and K. A. Paine, Eds., pp. 57–62, Thomas Telford, London, UK, (2001).

R. W. Davies and G. S. Worthinton, “Use of scrap Tyre as a Fuel in the Cement Manufacturing Process” in Recyling and use of Tyres, R. K. Dhir, M. C. Limbachiya and K. A. Paine, Eds., pp. 93–106, Thomas Telford, London, UK, (2001).

R. G. Nelson, and A. S. M. M. Hossain, “An energetic and economic analysis of using scrap tyres for electricity generation and cement manufacturing,” in Recycling and Use of Tyres, R. K. Dhir, M. C. Limbachiya and K. A. Paine, Eds., pp. 119–127, Thomas Telford, London, UK, (2001).

S. N. Amirkhanian, “Utilization of crumb rubber in asphalt concrete mixtures-south Carolinas’s experience,” Research Report, South Carolina Department of Transportation, (2001).

F. J. Navarro, P. Partal, F. Martínez-Boza, and C. Gallegos, “Influence of crumb rubber concentration on the rheological behavior of a crumb modified bitumen,” Energy and Fuels, vol. 19, no. 5 p. 1984–1990, (2005).

V. M. Malhotra, “Role of Supplementary cementing materials in reducing greenhouse gas emissions,” in Concrete Technology for a Sustainable Development in the 21 Century, O. E. Gjorv and K. Sakai, Eds., pp. 226–235, E & FN Spon, London, UK, (2000).

J. I. Reisman and P. M. Lemieux; Emisiones al aire de la combustiÓn de ilantas usadas, U.S.-México Centro InformaciÓn sobre ContaminaciÓn de Aire/CICA, EPA-600/R-97-115, Octubre (1997).

Greenpeace International. Las tres R del Reciclaje. http://www.greenpeace.org/internatonal.

E. F. Reichmanis, H. J. O’Donell and T. J. D. Hill, Radiation Effects on Polymeric Materials: A https:// doi.org/10.1021/bk-1993-0527.ch001, (1993).

M. E. Martinez, C. Benavides and H. Carrasco. Effect of ionizing radiation on polymers; Contributions from the National Institute of Nuclear Research to the Advancement of Science and Technology in Mexico; Commemorative Edition Cap. 27, (2010).

 

Issue

Vol 6 No 1 (2018) 

 

How to Cite

J. Colín; F. Castillo; J.C. Peralta-Abarca; B. Leal; O. Flores; I. Gamboa; H. Martínez. Gamma Radiation Doses Effects on Mechanical Properties and Microwave Absorption Capacity of Rubber Doped Concrete. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2018, 6, 121-128.

 

Study of Solid-State Radiolysis of Behenic, Fumaric, and Sebacic Acids for their Possible Use as Gamma Dosimeters Measured Via ATR-FT-IR Spectroscopy

 

• J. Cruz-CastañedaInstitute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico; Master’s and PhD Program in Chemical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• A. L. Meléndez-LópezInstitute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico; Master’s and PhD Program in Chemical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• A. HerediaInstitute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• S. RamosbernalInstitute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• A. Negrón-MendozaInstitute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2018.61014

Keywords: dosimeter, carboxylic acid, gamma radiation, ATR-FT-IR spectroscopy

Abstract

The intensive use of ionizing radiation has promoted the constant investigation of adequate dosimetric systems in the measurement of doses applied in irradiated products. The objective of this work is to propose gamma dosimetric systems, using carboxylic acids in a solid state and measuring the change via infrared spectroscopy (carboxylic acid/ ATR-FT-IR1). We worked with three systems: (1) behenic acid/ATR-FT-IR, (2) sebacic acid/ATR-FT-IR, and (3) fumaric acid/ATR-FT-IR. The change in absorbance corresponding to the stretching vibration frequency of the carbonyl group to the absorbed dose (in the range of kGy) was measured. The results showed that the acid/ATR-FT-IR systems have a linear response with respect to the absorbed dose, for behenic acid/ATR-FT-IR from 0 to 122 kGy, for ATR-FT-IR sebacic acid from 0 to 61 kGy, and for fumaric acid/ATR-FT-IR from 0 to 34 kGy. The results indicated that the linear response of the absorbance dose in the three systems allows us to continue studying other variables to be able to propose them as chemical dosimeters.

References

K. Van Laere, J. Buysse, and P. Berkvens, Int. J. Radiat. Appl. Instrumentation. Part A. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 40, 885 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2889(89)90012-9

A. R. Jones, Radiat.Res. 47, 35 (1971). https://doi.org/10.2307/3573286

A. Negron-Mendoza and S. Ramos-Bernal, Radiat. Phys. Chem. 52, 395 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-806X(98)00059-0

J. Cruz-Castañeda, A. Negron-Mendoza, and S. Ramos-Bernal, AIP Conf. Proc. 49, 49 (2013).

H. Fricke and E. J. Hart, in Radiat. Dosim., edited by F. H. Attix; W. C Roesch, 2nd ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1966).

A. Meléndez-López, A. Negrón-Mendoza, V. GómezVidales, R. M. Uribe, and S. Ramos-Bernal, Radiat. Phys. Chem. 104, 230 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.03.012

Issue

Vol 6 No 1 (2018)

How to Cite

J. Cruz-Castañeda; A. L. Meléndez-López; A. Heredia; S. Ramosbernal; A. Negrón-Mendoza. Study of Solid-State Radiolysis of Behenic, Fumaric, and Sebacic Acids for Their Possible Use As Gamma Dosimeters Measured Via ATR-FT-IR Spectroscopy. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2018, 6, 81-85.

Rubber Additions into Concrete and Gamma Radiation Effects on Mechanical Properties and Microwave Absorption Capacity

J COLÍN1 , F. CASTILLO2 , B. LEAL3 , O FLORES2 , I GAMBOA3 AND H MARTÍNEZ

1 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa. C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México

2 Laboratorio de Espectroscopia, Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 48-3, 62251, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.

3 Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-543, 04510, Ciudad Universitaria México D.F. México

Abstract

Rubber is the indispensable raw material for the manufacture of tires; it is obtained from plants, trees and currently can be produced synthetically. The tire rubber is mixed with compounds such as carbon black, sulfur, cement, paints, antioxidants, oils and fats, steel wire, almost etc., making impossible to recycle the tires itself. In this work, we investigate, the effects of the incorporation of ground rubber in concrete, mixture designed to establish the possibility of being used in the construction industry. The samples of concrete were addition with, 5 vol. %., 15 vol. % and 25 vol. % of rubber. Samples with different rubber addition were irradiated by a cobalt 60 gamma source to study the effect on their mechanical compression properties and microwave absorption capacity. Likewise, the microwave absorption capacity was studied for both irradiated and the non-irradiated. It was found that between 5 vol. % and 15 vol. % of rubber addition change the mechanical properties approximately 25 %, higher rubber additions result in a decrease in a 75 % of its mechanical properties. The fracture behavior is not the expected one due to as the curves of stress vs. strain show a double slope, which is associated with the concrete porosity and rubber content. The aging with the gamma rays generates loss of mechanical properties, especially at lower rubber addition, since at content greater than 15 Vol % the radiation effect is less. These rubber additions allow moderate deformations in compression, thus contributing to the care and preservation of the environment.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51019

LINK:  http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/879/1/51019_JNP_Col%C3%ADn.pdf

Study of L-Glutamic Acid in Solid State for its Possible Use as a Gamma Dosimeter at Different Temperatures (77, 195 and 295 K)

A L MELÉNDEZ-LÓPEZ1,2, J CRUZ-CASTAÑEDA1,2, A PAREDESARRIAGA1,3, A NEGRÓN-MENDOZA1*AND S RAMOS-BERNAL1

1Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM

2 Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM

3 Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM

 *Email: negrón@nucleares.unam.mx

Abstract The experimental response of the dosimeter as a function of the irradiation temperature plays an important role, and this effect has consequences in the practical applications of dosimetry. In this work, L-glutamic acid (2-aminopentanedioic acid) is proposed to be a good response, easy to handle, and a cheap gamma dosimeter. For this purpose, polycrystalline samples were irradiated with gamma rays at 77, 195, and 295 K and doses in the kiloGray range (43–230 kGy). The potential use of the glutamic acid system as a chemical dosimeter is based on the formation of stable free radicals when the amino acid is exposed to ionizing radiation. The observed species in these experiments were attributed to deamination and decarboxylation reactions that were studied using electron spin resonance (ESR). The results indicate that the analysis generates a linear response as the irradiation dose increases in a reliable range for industrial and research purposes at three different temperatures.

 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51017

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/877/1/51017_JNP_MELENDEZ%20-%20NEGRON.pdf

Study of L-Glutamic Acid in Solid State for its Possible Use as a Gamma Dosimeter at Different Temperatures (77, 195 and 295 K)

A L MELÉNDEZ-LÓPEZ1,2, J CRUZ-CASTAÑEDA1,2, A PAREDESARRIAGA1,3, A NEGRÓN-MENDOZA1*AND S RAMOS-BERNAL1

1Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM

2 Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM

3 Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM

 *Email: negrón@nucleares.unam.mx

Abstract The experimental response of the dosimeter as a function of the irradiation temperature plays an important role, and this effect has consequences in the practical applications of dosimetry. In this work, L-glutamic acid (2-aminopentanedioic acid) is proposed to be a good response, easy to handle, and a cheap gamma dosimeter. For this purpose, polycrystalline samples were irradiated with gamma rays at 77, 195, and 295 K and doses in the kiloGray range (43–230 kGy). The potential use of the glutamic acid system as a chemical dosimeter is based on the formation of stable free radicals when the amino acid is exposed to ionizing radiation. The observed species in these experiments were attributed to deamination and decarboxylation reactions that were studied using electron spin resonance (ESR). The results indicate that the analysis generates a linear response as the irradiation dose increases in a reliable range for industrial and research purposes at three different temperatures.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51017

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/877/1/51017_JNP_MELENDEZ%20-%20NEGRON.pdf