Graft-Copolymerization of Acrylate Monomers onto Chitosan Induced by Gamma Radiation: Amphiphilic Polymers and Their Behavior at The Air-Water Interface

 

• M. Caldera-Villalobos
  Department of Radiation Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico. Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
• B. Leal-Acevedo
  Radiation Safety and Radiation Unit, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico. Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
• V.M. Velázquez-Aguilar
  Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico.. Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
• M. D. P. Carreón-Castro
  Department of Radiation Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico. Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, México

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2020.72027

Keywords: Ionizing radiation, Graft copolymer, Biobased polymers, Polymer coatings, LB films

Abstract

Graft polymerization induced by ionizing radiation is a powerful tool in materials science to modifying the physical properties of polymers. Chitosan is a biocompatible, biodegradable, antibacterial, and highly hydrophilic polysaccharide. In this work, we report the obtaining of amphiphilic polymers through graft polymerization of acrylic monomers (methyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, and hexyl acrylate) onto chitosan. The polymerization reaction was carried out by simultaneous irradiation of monomers and chitosan using a gamma radiation source of ⁶⁰Co. The formation of Langmuir films of amphiphilic polymers was studied at the air-water interface through surface pressure versus main molecular area isotherms (Π-A) and hysteresis cycles of compression and decompression. Finally, it was analyzed the transferring of Langmuir films towards solid substrates to obtaining Langmuir-Blodgett films with potential application as an antibacterial coating. The microstructure of the Langmuir-Blodgett films was characterized by AFM microscopy observing a regular topography with roughness ranging between 0.53 and 0.6 μm.

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Issue

Vol 7 No 2 (2020): Special Issue

 

How to Cite

M. Caldera-Villalobos; B. Leal-Acevedo; V.M. Velázquez-Aguilar; M. D. P. Carreón-Castro. Graft-Copolymerization of Acrylate Monomers onto Chitosan Induced by Gamma Radiation: Amphiphilic Polymers and Their Behavior at The Air-Water Interface. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2020, 7, 209-215.

Stability of Glycine in Saline Solutions Exposed to Ionizing Radiation

 

• Laura Patricia Cruz-Cruz
  Sciences Faculty, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City-04520, Mexico
• Alicia Negrón-Mendoza
  Department of Radiation Chemistry and Radio chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City-04520, Mexico
• Alejandro Heredia-Barbero
  Department of Radiation Chemistry and Radio chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City-04520, Mexico

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2020.72009

Keywords: Chemical evolution, Glycine, Saline water, Ionizing radiation

Abstract

The stability of biologically important molecules, such as amino acids, being subjected to high radiation fields is relevant for chemical evolution studies. Bodies of water were very important in the primitive Earth. In these bodies, the presence of dissolved salts, together with organic molecules, could influence the behavior of the systems in prebiotic environments.
The objective of this work is to examine the influence of sodium chloride on the stability of the amino acid glycine when subjected to high radiation doses. The analysis of the irradiated samples was followed by HPLC coupled with a UV-VIS detector. The results show that glycine in aqueous solutions (without oxygen) decomposed around 90% at a dose of 91 kGy. In the presence of salts, up to 80% of the amino acid was recovered at the same dose. Laboratory simulations demonstrate a protective role for sodium chloride (specifically the chloride ion) to glycine against an external source of ionizing radiation.

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Issue

Vol 7 No 2 (2020): Special Issue

How to Cite

Laura Patricia Cruz-Cruz; Alicia Negrón-Mendoza; Alejandro Heredia-Barbero. Stability of Glycine in Saline Solutions Exposed to Ionizing Radiation. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2020, 7, 83-87.

 

Ionizing Radiation, an Instrument in Chemical Evolution Studies: Scope and Perspectives

 

• E Y Aguilar-Ovando
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• A Negron-Mendoza
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• M L Ramirez-Vazquez
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04510 Mexico City, Mexico; Postgraduate in Earth Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)
• R C Acosta-Fernandez
  Chemistry Faculty, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2018.61017

Keywords: Chemical Evolution, Keto Acids, Ionizing Radiation

Abstract

The study of synthesis and stability of molecules in different environments it’s been part of chemistry evolution and origin of life studies for more than 70 years. Various kinds of ionizing radiation have been analyzed as possible sources of energy for the transformations undergone by the first organic molecules. Now experimental and computational simulation approaches continue with different groups of organic molecules, in search for more information that help us to understand and reconstruct somehow the mechanisms that took place on early Earth and space. In that line, this paper presents first approach of keto acids stability to ionizing radiation, an interesting group of molecules involved in the Krebs cycle and glycolysis. Preliminary results obtained by HPLC/UV analysis of irradiating aqueous solutions of 5 keto acids ranging from 3 to 6 carbons with a ⁶⁰Co gamma ray source, using doses up to 53 kGy, show different stabilities and a general tendency of shifting the keto-enol equilibrium to the enol tautomer before decomposition.

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A. Negron-Mendoza, G. Albarran and S. CastilloRojas, Journal of Radio analytical and Nuclear Chemistry 160, (1992). 

Issue

Vol 6 No 1 (2018) 

 

 

How to Cite

E Y Aguilar-Ovando; A Negron-Mendoza; M L Ramirez-Vazquez; R C Acosta-Fernandez. Ionizing Radiation, an Instrument in Chemical Evolution Studies: Scope and Perspectives. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2018, 6, 99-101.

 

 

 

Radiolysis of Nucleosides: Study of Sedimentary Microenvironment Models for the Protection of Bio-Organic Molecules on Early Earth

E Y AGUILAR-OVANDO1,2* AND A NEGRÓN-MENDOZA1

1 Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares (ICN), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)

2 Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM)

*Email: ellen.aguilar@nucleares.unam.mx

Abstract Nucleic acid bases and their derivatives are important compounds in biological systems. Many efforts have been made to demonstrate the possible prebiotic origin of these molecules, but the abiotic synthesis of these compounds has proved to be very difficult in that conditions. So, if their synthesis actually took place, a study of their stability in prebiotic conditions is quite relevant in chemical evolution studies. In this work, it has been examined and compared the influence of Sodium Montmorillonite on the chemical transformations undergone by two nucleosides (guanosine – purinic– and uridine, –pyrimidinic–) when subjected to conditions simulating the primitive Earth during the period of chemical evolution. The experiments prove the concentration capacity and protective role against external sources of ionizing radiation (specifically γ-ray) that clays can provide to these specific compounds adsorbed on them. By using X-ray diffraction, UVvis spectrophotometry and HPLC for the analysis, it was found that purinic nucleosides (more than pyrimidinic) are quickly adsorbed on clay at low pH values, and the temperature of mineral desiccation applied after adsorption promotes their decomposition into their corresponding nitrogenous bases. In both, purinic and pyrimidinic, desorption occurs in neutral or slightly basic aqueous solutions, and both are protected by clay. Pyrimidinic nucleosides show more resistance to heat, but less resistance towards ionizing radiation, even when adsorbed in clay.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51010

LINK: http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/bitstream/1/870/1/51010_JNP_Aguilar%20-%20Negron.pdf