Effect of the Target Size in the Calculation of the Energy Deposited Using PENELOPE Code

 

• B. Leal-AcevedoInstitute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• P.G. Reyes-RomeroScience Facultad, Autonomous University of the State Mexico, 100 Instituto Literario avenue, 50000 Toluca. Mexico
• F. CastilloSpectroscopy Laboratory, Institute of Physical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 48-3, 62251Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
• I. GamboadebuenInstitute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2018.61011

Keywords: Specific energy, Linear energy, PENELOPE code

Abstract

The specific and linear energy was calculated in target sizes of 10 μm, 5 μm, 1 μm, 60 nm, 40nm and 20 nm by taking into account the contribution of the primary photon beams and the electrons generated by them in LiF: Mg, Ti (TLD-100). The simulations were carried out by the code PENELOPE 2011. Using different histories of primary particles, for each energy beams the mean deposited energy is the same, but to achieve a statistical deviation lower than 1% the value of 108was fixed. We find that setting the values C1 = 0.1 C2 = 0.1 and Wcc = Wcr = 50 eV the time of simulation decreases around the 25%. The uncertainties (1 SD) in the specific energy increases with energy for all target sizes and decreases with target size, with values from 1.7 to 94% for 20 nm and between 0.1 and 0.8% for 10 μm. As expected, the specific and linear energies decrease with target size but not in a geometrical behavior.

References

M. Bernal and J. Liendo , Med Phys 36, 620–625, (2009). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3056457

A. Kellerer and D. Chmelevsky, Concepts of microdosimetry, I. Quantities. Radiat Environ Biophys 12, 61–69, (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02339810

A. Kellerer and D. Chmelevsky, Radiat Environ Biophys 12, 205–216 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01327348

P. Olko, Radiat Prot Dosimetry 65, 151–158, (1996). https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a031610

P. Olko, Henryk Niewodniczaski Institute of Nuclear Physics. (2002).

P. Olko, P. Bilski, M. Budzanowski, L. Czopyk, J. Swakon, et al., Radiat Prot Dosimetry 122, 378–381, (2006). https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncl46

H. Rossi, Radiat Environ Biophys 17, 29–40, (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01323118

F. Salvat, J. M. Fernández-Varea and J. Sempau, PENELOPE-2011: A Code System for Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron and Photon Transport (No. NEA/NSC/DOC (2011 5). In Nuclear Energy Agency. Workshop Proceedings. Barcelona, (2011).

B. Scott and H. Schöllnberger, Radiat Prot Dosimetry 91, 377–384, (2000). https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a033247

F. Villegas, N. Tilly and A. Ahnesjö, Phys Med Biol 58, 6149–6162, (2013).

F. Villegas, N. Tilly, G. Bäckström, A. Ahnesjö, Phys Med Biol 59, 5531–5543, (2014). https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/59/18/5531

Issue

Vol 6 No 1 (2018)

How to Cite

B. Leal-Acevedo; P.G. Reyes-Romero; F. Castillo; I. Gamboadebuen. Effect of the Target Size in the Calculation of the Energy Deposited Using PENELOPE Code. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2018, 6, 67-70.

Analysis of the Energy Deposit in the Air by Radiation of Alpha Particles Emitted by the Water of a Spring Through the Geant4 Software

 

• A Lima FloresFaculty of Physical Mathematical Sciences, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), San Claudio Avenue and 18th south street, Puebla 72570, Mexico
• R Palomino-MerinoFaculty of Physical Mathematical Sciences, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), San Claudio Avenue and 18th south street, Puebla 72570, Mexico
• E Moreno-BarbosaFaculty of Physical Mathematical Sciences, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), San Claudio Avenue and 18th south street, Puebla 72570, Mexico
• JN Domínguez-KondoFaculty of Physical Mathematical Sciences, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), San Claudio Avenue and 18th south street, Puebla 72570, Mexico
• VM CastanoCenter for Applied Physics and Advanced Technology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Juriquilla Boulevard number 3001, 76230 Santiago De Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
• AC Chavarría SánchezInstitute of Physics, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04520 Mexico City, Mexico
• JI GolzarriInstitute of Physics, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04520 Mexico City, Mexico
• G EspinosaInstitute of Physics, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04520 Mexico City, Mexico

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2018.61010

Keywords: Radon 222 in spring water, radiological risk assessment, geant4 energy deposition

Abstract

This work presents the development of an analysis of the potential radiological risk generated by alpha particles emitted by radon-222, content in a spring water, for the population that usually swims in the place and for the people who live near this spring. This spring is located in the state of Puebla. Several measurements in the water of this place by researchers from IF-UNAM showed that it contains an average radon concentration level of 70 Bq/m3. To evaluate this radiological risk, it has been developed a computational simulation to know the area and the height where the alpha particles deposit their energy to the medium, as well as the amount of energy that they transfer. This simulation was developed in the Geant4 scientific software and the calculations were executed in the supercomputer of the Laboratorio Nacional de Supercomputo del Sureste de Mexico of the BUAP. The results show that the energy deposit occurs within the superficial limits of the spring, between 7 and 8 meters high. This deposited is not only by the alpha particles, but also by the secondary particles that are generated by the interaction of alpha particles with the environment. Based on these results, it is confirmed that there is no radiological risk by energy deposit by alpha particles for the people.

References

S. Agostinelliae, J. Allisonas, K. Amakoe, J. Apostolakisa, H. Araujoaj, et al., Geant4—a simulation toolkit. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A., 506(3), 250–303 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01368-8

K. Amakoa, S. Guatellib, V. Ivanchenckoc, M. Maired, B. Mascialino, et al., Geant4 and its validation. Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl., 150, 44–49 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.10.083

I. Antcheva M. Ballintijn, B. Bellenot, M. Biskup, R. Brun, et al., Comput. Phys. Commun., 180(12), 2499– 2512 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2009.08.005

A. Auvinen, Int. J. Cancer, 114(1), 109–113 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.20680

C. R. Cothern, J. E. Smith, Environmental Radon. New York, NY: Springer Science + Business Media, LLC (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0473-7

E. J. Hahn, Y. Gokun, W. M. Andrews, B. L. Overfield, H. Robertson, et al., Preventive Medicine Reports, 2, 342–346 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.04.009

Issue

Vol 6 No 1 (2018)

How to Cite

A Lima Flores; R Palomino-Merino; E Moreno-Barbosa; JN Domínguez-Kondo; VM Castano; AC Chavarría Sánchez; JI Golzarri; G Espinosa. Analysis of the Energy Deposit in the Air by Radiation of Alpha Particles Emitted by the Water of a Spring Through the Geant4 Software. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2018, 6, 61-66.

Improvements to the X-ray Spectrometer at the Aerosol Laboratory, Instituto de Física, UNAM

 

• L V Mejía-PonceInstitute of Physics, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 20-364, 01000 Mexico City, Mexico
• A E Hernández-LópezInstitute of Physics, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 20-364, 01000 Mexico City, Mexico
• S Reynoso-CrucesInstitute of Physics, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 20-364, 01000 Mexico City, Mexico
• J C PinedaInstitute of Physics, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 20-364, 01000 Mexico City, Mexico
• J A Mendoza-FloresInstitute of Physics, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 20-364, 01000 Mexico City, Mexico
• J MirandaInstitute of Physics, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 20-364, 01000 Mexico City, Mexico

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2018.61009

Keywords: X-ray fluorescence analysis, Silicon DriftDetector SDD, chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols, Standard Reference Material 2783

Abstract

Due to the demands of better (accurate and precise) analytical results using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) at the Aerosol Laboratory, Instituto de Física, UNAM, it was necessary to carry out improvements in instrumentation and analytical procedures in the x-ray spectrometer located in this facility. A new turbomolecular vacuum system was installed, which allows reaching the working pressure in a shorter time. Characteristic x-rays are registered with a Silicon Drift Detector, or SDD, (8 mm thick Be window, 140 eV at 5.9 keV resolution), working directly in a high-vacuum, permitting the detection of x-rays with energies as low as 1 keV (Na Ka) and higher counting rates than in the past. Due to the interference produced by the Rh L x-rays emitted by the tube normally used for atmospheric and food analysis with Cl K x-rays, another tube with a W anode was mounted in the spectrometer to avoid this interference, with the possibility to select operation with any of these tubes. Examples of applications in atmospheric aerosols and other samples are presented, to demonstrate the enhanced function of the spectrometer. Other future modifications are also explained.

References

Z. B. Alfassi, Non-destructive Elemental Analysis.Oxford: Blackwell Science, Ed. (2001).

R. E. Van Grieken, A. A. Markowicz, Handbook of X-raySpectrometry. New York: Marcel Dekker, Eds. (2002).

A. A. Espinosa, et al., Instrumentation Science andTechnology40(3), 603–617 (2012).https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2012.693560

R. V. Díaz, J. López-Monroy, J. Miranda, A. A.Espinosa, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in PhysicsResearch Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 318(1), 135-138 (2014).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2013.05.095

Romero-Dávila, E. J. Miranda, J. C. Pineda, AIPConference Proceedings1671, paper 020006 (2015).

Manual for QXAS. Vienna: International AtomicEnergy Agency (IAEA) (1995).

M. C. Hernández, et al., Journal of Nuclear Physics,Material Sciences, Radiation and Applications,5(1),25–34 (2017).https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51003

Issue

Vol 6 No 1 (2018)

How to Cite

L V Mejía-Ponce; A E Hernández-López; S Reynoso-Cruces; J C Pineda; J A Mendoza-Flores; J Miranda. Improvements to the X-Ray Spectrometer at the Aerosol Laboratory, Instituto De Física, UNAM. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2018, 6, 57-60.

Jung’s Theorem Applied in Nuclear Track Methodology

 

• G. ChacinSimon Bolivar University. Physics Department. Caracas 1080A Venezuela
• L. Sajo-BohusSimon Bolivar University. Physics Department. Caracas 1080A Venezuela
• J.J. Rojas HanccoDepartment of Physics, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Peru
• G. EspinosaInstitute of Physics, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04520 Mexico City

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2018.61008

Keywords: Nuclear track density, cr-39 detectors, beam diagnostics, charged particle sources

Abstract

Nuclear track density provides accelerator beam imaging and diagnostic employing CR-39 passive detectors. Counting charged particles related tracks by automated reading systems depend on the accuracy of microscope field view other that chemical etching procedure and frequency of overlapped tracks. The study, to propose a method to determined track density for analyser optical field view not calibrated. The approach Jungs’ theorem, provides the area value based on the maximum distance for two selected etched tracks. Results show that the new method has its importance when microscope field view calibration is not available with precision for accelerator beam diagnostics.

References

L. Sajo Bohus, E. D. Greaves, Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, 16(1), 15–22 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(89)90005-8

I. Eliyahu, A. Cohen, E. Daniely, B. Kaizer, A. Kreisel, et al., Proceedings of International Beam Instrumentation Conference (IBIC2016), Barcelona, Spain - Pre-Release Snapshot, TUPG23, 06-Oct-2016,.

C. P. Welsch, Proceedings of IPAC2016 TUPOY026 1966-1969, Busan, Korea. http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/AccelConf/ipac2017/papers/thpva138.pdf (accessed 28-09-2017).

R. B. Gammage, G. Espinosa, Radiation Measurements, 28, 835 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4487(97)00193

J. Szabó, I. Fehér, J. K. Pálfalvi, I.Balásházy, A. M. Dám, et al., Radiation Measurements, 35(6), 575–578 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4487(02)00089-6

J. K. Palfalvi, L. Sajo-Bohus, J. Szabó, J. Jr. Pálfalvi, 25th International Conference on Nuclear Tracks in Solids. Puebla, México, September 4-9, 2011 (Under Preparation. 2018).

Issue

Vol 6 No 1 (2018)

How to Cite

G. Chacin; L. Sajo-Bohus; J.J. Rojas Hancco; G. Espinosa. Jung’s Theorem Applied in Nuclear Track Methodology. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2018, 6, 51-55.

Temperature Effects in the Composition of Metal Halide Perovskite thin Films

 

• M. Castro-ColinBruker AXS, Karlsruhe, Germany
• L. BanuelosDept. of Physics, U. of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
• C. Diaz-MorenoDept. of Physics, U. of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
• D. HodgesElectrical and Computer Eng. Dept., U. of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
• E. Ramirez-HomsDept. of Physics, U. of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
• D. KorolkovBruker AXS, Karlsruhe, Germany
• N. SharminDept. of Physics, U. of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
• J. A. LopezDept. of Physics, U. of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2018.61007

Keywords: Perovskites, Photovoltaic, Energy Conversion, X-ray Reflectivity, X-ray Fluorescence

Abstract

Metal halide perovskites have shown to be a structure with great promise as an efficient photovoltaic, but at the same time it is affected by instability problems that degrade their performance. Degradation mechanisms vary with temperature, moisture, oxidation, and energy conversion during light exposure. We study performance loss due to temperature by probing diffusion of elemental composition across the thickness of films produced by spin coating and for temperatures ranging from 20 to 200°C. X-ray reflectivity was used to identify the electron density, composition, and quality of the films, aided with X-ray fluorescence and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies to obtain information about degradation of the organic phase of the films.

References

J. A. Chang, S. H. Im, Y. H. Lee, H-J. Kim, C-S. Lim, J. H. Heo, and S. I. Seok, Nano Lett., 12 (4), 1863–1867 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl204224v

M. M. Lee, J. Teuscher, T. Miyasaka, T. N. Murakami, and H. J. Snaith, Science, 338, 643–647 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228604

D. Zhao, C. Wang, Z. Song, Y. Yu, C. Chen, X. Zhao, K. Zhu, and Y. Yan, ACS Energy Lett., 3 (2), 305–306 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b01287

NREL efficiency chart of photovoltaic cells: www.nrel. gov/pv/assets/images/efficiency-chart.png.

A. K. Misra, J. Catalan, D. Camacho, M. Martinez, and D. Hodges, Mater Res. Express, 4, 085906 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aa8184

A. K. Misra, D. Hodges, and R. D. K. Misra, Mater Res. Express, 4, 096201 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aa86d7

G. E. Eperon, S. D. Stranks, C. Menelaou, M. B. Johnston, L. M. Herz, and H. J. Snaith, Energy Environ. Sci., 7, 982–988 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee43822h

R. L. Hoye, R. E. Brandt, A. Osherov, V. Stevanovic, S. D. Stranks, M. W. Wilson, et al., Chem. Eur. J., 22 (8), 2605-2610 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201505055

N. K. Noel, S. D. Stranks, A. Abate, C. Wehrenfennig, S. Guarnera, A. A. Haghighirad, A. Sadhanala, G. E. Eperon, S. K. Pathak, M. B. Johnston, A. Petrozza, L. M. Herz, and H. J. Snaith, Energy Environ. Sci., 7, 3061–3068 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EE01076K

V. A. Solé, E. Papillon, M. Cotte, Ph. Walter, J. Susini, Acta Part B 62, 63-68 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2006.12.002

Issue

Vol 6 No 1 (2018)

How to Cite

M. Castro-Colin; L. Banuelos; C. Diaz-Moreno; D. Hodges; E. Ramirez-Homs; D. Korolkov; N. Sharmin; J. A. Lopez. Temperature Effects in the Composition of Metal Halide Perovskite Thin Films. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2018, 6, 39-49.