Extensions of Natural Radioactivity to 4th-Type and of the Periodic Table to Super-heavy Nuclei: Contribution of Raj K Gupta to Cold Nuclear Phenomena

We have studied here the contribution of Indian Scientists associated with Prof. Raj K. Gupta to cold nuclear phenomena during the last almost four decades, which led to the discovery of fourth kind of natural radioactivity (also known as Cluster Radioactivity, CR) and to the extension of periodic table to super heavy nuclei. It is exclusively pointed out how the Quantum Mechanical Fragmentation Theory (QMFT) advanced by Prof. Raj K. Gupta and Collaborators led to the discovery of unique phenomenon of CR along with the predictions leading to the synthesis of super heavy elements. We have also mentioned the development of dynamical theories based on QMFT, the Preformed Cluster Model(PCM) and the dynamical cluster-decay model (DCM), to study the ground and excited state decays of nuclei, respectively, by Gupta and Collaborators. It is matter of great honor and pride for us to bring out this study to enthuse the young researchers to come up with novel ideas and have inspiration from the scientific contributions of Prof. Raj K. Gupta who is coincidentally celebrating his platinum jubilee birthday anniversary this year. 

Keywords:- Cluster model, low energy, super heavy elements, alpha decay 

Authors:- BirBikram Singh

Department of Physics, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib-140406, INDIA
Email:-birbikram.singh@gmail.com

Manoj K. Sharma
School of Physics and Materials Science, Thapar University, Patiala-147004, INDIA

S. K. Patra 
Institute of Physics, Sachivalaya Marg, Bhubaneswar-751005, INDIA