Abstract
The existing passive radon monitors, their relative calibration facilities together with the past intercomparison exercises have been mission-oriented towards radon measurements in dwellings. These monitors have been successfully applied throughout the world for radon measurements in homes, characterized by temperatures in the range from 20 to 25°C and a relative humidity less than 50 R.H. A multitude of different problems may arise when these passive monitors are used in environment other than homes, such as in soil and in workplaces, where large humidity up to 100 RH and temperatures anywhere from 0°C to 40°C may be encountered. Under severe environmental conditions, different measurement errors may occur which have remained concealed to date. These errors may be caused by a drastic change of both the radon diffusivity through the and for the monitor housing respectively. permeation membranes or the radon absorption by the plastics, used for the track detector. For the compliance to the assessment of the occupational exposures, it is necessary to eliminate all the possible sources of errors, which may be conducive to litigation. Another important shortcoming of the existing passive monitors is the difficult to turn them on/off daily, as required for radon measurements in workplaces. Finally, most of the problems, listed above, can be solved by the exploitation of a new generation of passive monitors, known as Rn film-badges. These monitors are similar and often identical to neutron film-badges, which have proved to be very successful throughout the world for the personnel neutron dosimetry. In particular, the present paper will describe the unique characteristics of these radon film badges, such as compactness, fast time response, any desired response sensitivity, simplicity in turning them on and off, etc.
L. Tommasino, Nukleonica, 55, 549–553 (2010).
L. Tommasino, Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 78, 55–58 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a032333
L. Tommasino, 8th International Conference on Protection against Radon at Home and at Work, September, Prague (In press), 12–16, (2016).
L. Harley, Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 45, 13–18 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/45.1-4.13
A. L. Frank, and E. V. Benton, Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Solid State Track Nuclear Track Detectors. 7-12 September 1981, Bristol, UK.
Fowler, P. H. and Chapman, V. M. pp. 531–534 Pergamon Press, Oxford (1982).
L. Vasudevan, and M. McLain, Health Physics. 66, 318–326 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-199403000-00013
R. L. Fleischer and R. S. Likes, Geophysics 44, 1863–1873 (1979).
L. Tommasino, D. E. Cherouati, J. L. Seidel, and M. Monnin, Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements. 12, 681–684 (1986).
https://doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(86)90678-3
R. L. Fleischer, Nuclear Tracks and Radiation measurements. 14, 421–45 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(88)90001-5
R. L. Fleischer, W. R. Giard and L. G. Turner, Radiation Measurements. 32, 325–328 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4487(00)00046-9
C. B. Howarth, and J. C. H. Miles, HPA-RPD-027: Results of the 2003 NRPB intercomparison of passive radon detectors. Health Protection Agency. Centre
de Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards. Radiation Protection Division. Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK. (2003).
P. J. Gilvin and D. T. Bartlett, Nuclear Tracks and Raiation Measurements. 15, 571–576 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(88)90203-8
J. Miles, F. Ibrahimi, and K. Birch, Journal of Radiological Effects. 29, 269–271 (2009).
P. Wilkinson and Saunders, R. J. Theoretical aspects of the design of a passive radon dosimeters. The Science of the Total Environment, 45, 433–440 (1985).
https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(85)90247-5
J. W. McBain, Sorption by a penetrant by a solid. Philosophical Magazine. 18, 916–925 (1909). https://doi.org/10.1080/14786441208636769
L. Tommasino, Radon Encyclopedia of Analytical Science. Academic Press Limited, pp 4359–4368 (1995).
H. M. Prichard and T.F. Gesell, Health Physics 33, 577–581 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-197712000-00008
H. L. Clever, Solubility Data Series. Pergamon Press: New York; Vol. 2, pp 1–357 (1979).
K. Gross, International Radon Symposium, Las Vegas. NV. AARST Proceeding, 11.00–11.13 (1999).
R. Guerin, P. Vuillemenot, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Rare Gas Geochemistry, Besancon (Eds: D. Klein, A. Chambaudet, and M, Rebetez), 20-25 Sept. 559–578 (1995).
D. Pressyanov et al., Proceedings of IRPA Regional Congress on Radiation Protection in Central Europe, Budapest, 23-27, August 1999. Fontenay-aux-Roses,
France: International Radiation Protection Association; 716–722 (1999).
D. Pressyanov et al., Health Physics, 84, 642–651 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-200305000-00011
M. Saito, S. Takata, Bulletin of Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute. 3, 55–58 (2000)
C. M. Laot, Gas transport properties in polycarbonateInfluence of the cooling rate, physical aging, and orientation. Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of
the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, October 17th, 2001.
M. Marchetti, L. Tommasino and E. Casnati, Radiation Effects. 21, 198–24 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1080/10420157408230807
E. Casnati, M. Marchetti, and L. Tommasino, The use of heavy ions for the evaluation of the polymer stability. International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 25, 307–313 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-708X(74)90040-4
R. V. Griffith, and L. Tommasino, Dosimetry of Ionizing Radiations. Vol. III, 323–426, K. Kase et al. Editors. Academic Press, New York (1991).
L. Tommasino, M. C. Tommasino and P. Viola, Radiation Measurements. 44, 719–723 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2009.10.013
L. Tommasino, Radiation Emergency Medicine, 1, 47–55 (2012).
L. Tommasino, M. C. Tommasino and G. Espinosa, Revista Mexicana de Física. S56 (1), 1–4 (2010).
M. G. Cantaloub, J. F. Higginbotham and L. Semprini, 43rd Annual Conference on Bioassay, Analytical, and Environmental Radiochemistry, Charleston, SC, November 9–13, (1997).
L. Tommasino, Radiation Measurements, 34, 49–56 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4487(01)00205-0
W. G. Tramposch, Apparatus for preventing the formation of metal tarnish. Patent No.: US 6,412, 628 B1 (2002).
J. Economy, Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials. Plenum Publishing Corporation, 2, 203–236 (1978).
R. Y. Lin and J. Economy, Applied Polymer Symposium No. 21, 143–152, (1973).
L. Tommasino, P. Viola, and M. C. Tommasino, International Patent Application N° WO 2010/016085 A1 (2010).
P. Kotrappa, and L. Stieff, Proceedings of the 1994 International AARST Symposium, IIIP-1.1-1-6, Sept. 29-Octob.1, Charleston, SC (1994).
B. L. Cohen, and E. Cohen, Health Physics 45, 501–508 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-198308000-00027
