Stability of Pyruvic Acid Adsorbed Onto Clays and Exposed to Ionizing Radiation: Relevance in Chemical Evolution

 

• R. C Acosta-Fernández
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences (ICN), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM); Faculty of Chemistry, UNAM
• A. Heredia-Barbero
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences (ICN), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)
• A. Negrón-Mendoza
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences (ICN), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2020.72011

Keywords: Chemical evolution, Pyruvic acid, Clays, Gamma radiation

Abstract

Chemical evolution studies focus on the synthesis and stability of organic molecules during various transformative physicochemical processes. Gaining insight into the possible mechanisms behind these processes requires the use of various energy sources and catalysts that can produce such transformations. In this work, ionizing radiation (⁶⁰Co) was used as a source of energy, and two clays with different exchangeable cations-sodium and iron (III)-were combined with pyruvic acid, a key alpha keto acid in metabolism. The samples of pyruvic acid were prepared at a concentration of 0.01 M; then, adsorption experiments were carried out by combining sodium or iron montmorillonite at different times. The amount that adsorbed onto iron montmorillonite was greater than the amount that adsorbed onto sodium montmorillonite. Samples of alpha keto acid at the same concentration were irradiated-in the absence of clay-at 0 to 146.1 kGy and at two pHs (6.7 and 2.0). The suspended samples with sodium and iron clay were then irradiated at the same doses. The results show that keto acid decomposes more quickly at more acidic pHs. The main reaction to irradiation without clay involves the dimerization of pyruvic acid, and 2,3-dimethyltartaric acid is the majority product. When irradiated in the presence of clay, the main reaction is decarboxylation, and acetic acid is the majority product. The exchangeable cation type modifies the interactions between the organic molecule and the solid phase. The percentage of recovered pyruvic acid is higher for iron montmorillonite than for sodium montmorillonite.

 

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Issue

Vol 7 No 2 (2020): Special Issue 

 

 

How to Cite

R. C Acosta-Fernández; A. Heredia-Barbero; A. Negrón-Mendoza. Stability of Pyruvic Acid Adsorbed Onto Clays and Exposed to Ionizing Radiation: Relevance in Chemical Evolution. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2020, 7, 97-101.

 

Analysis of Indoor Radon Distribution Within a Room By Means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation

 

• A. Lima Flores
  Faculty of Physical Mathematical Sciences, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), San Claudio Avenue and 18th south street, Puebla-72570, Mexico
• R. Palomino-Merino
  Faculty of Physical Mathematical Sciences, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), San Claudio Avenue and 18th south street, Puebla-72570, Mexico
• V.M. Castano
  Center for Applied Physics and Advanced Technology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Juriquilla Boulevard number 3001, 76230 Santiago De Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
• G. Espinosa
  Institute of Physics, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04520 Mexico City, Mexico

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2020.72010

Keywords: Radiological Protection, Radon-222 Distribution, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

Abstract

Radon gas is recognized by international organizations such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) as the main contributor of radiation environmental to which human beings are exposed. Therefore, the evaluation of indoor radon concentration is a matter of public interest. The emanation and the income of the gas inside a room will generate a negative impact on the quality of the air when the place is not properly ventilated. Understanding how this gas will be distributed inside the room will allow to predict the spatial and temporal variations of radon levels and identify these parameters will provide important information that researchers can be used for calculate radiation dose exposure. Consequently, this studies can prevent a health risk for the people that live or work within the room. Currently, several researchers use the technique called Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to simulate the distribution of gas radon, making use of the various commercial programs that exist in the market. In this work, three simulations were developed in rooms that have a similar geometry but different dimensions, in order to observe how the gas is distributed inside a closed space and to analyze how this distribution varies when the volume of the place is increased. The results show that as the volume of the site increases the radon is mitigated more rapidly and therefore has lower levels of concentration of this gas, as long as the level of radon emanation is kept constant.

 

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Issue

Vol 7 No 2 (2020): Special Issue

 

How to Cite

A. Lima Flores; R. Palomino-Merino; V.M. Castano; G. Espinosa. Analysis of Indoor Radon Distribution Within a Room By Means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2020, 7, 89-95.

Stability of Glycine in Saline Solutions Exposed to Ionizing Radiation

 

• Laura Patricia Cruz-Cruz
  Sciences Faculty, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City-04520, Mexico
• Alicia Negrón-Mendoza
  Department of Radiation Chemistry and Radio chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City-04520, Mexico
• Alejandro Heredia-Barbero
  Department of Radiation Chemistry and Radio chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City-04520, Mexico

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2020.72009

Keywords: Chemical evolution, Glycine, Saline water, Ionizing radiation

Abstract

The stability of biologically important molecules, such as amino acids, being subjected to high radiation fields is relevant for chemical evolution studies. Bodies of water were very important in the primitive Earth. In these bodies, the presence of dissolved salts, together with organic molecules, could influence the behavior of the systems in prebiotic environments.
The objective of this work is to examine the influence of sodium chloride on the stability of the amino acid glycine when subjected to high radiation doses. The analysis of the irradiated samples was followed by HPLC coupled with a UV-VIS detector. The results show that glycine in aqueous solutions (without oxygen) decomposed around 90% at a dose of 91 kGy. In the presence of salts, up to 80% of the amino acid was recovered at the same dose. Laboratory simulations demonstrate a protective role for sodium chloride (specifically the chloride ion) to glycine against an external source of ionizing radiation.

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Issue

Vol 7 No 2 (2020): Special Issue

How to Cite

Laura Patricia Cruz-Cruz; Alicia Negrón-Mendoza; Alejandro Heredia-Barbero. Stability of Glycine in Saline Solutions Exposed to Ionizing Radiation. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2020, 7, 83-87.

 

Spectrophotometric Study of Polymeric DyesGels After a Gamma Irradiation Process for its Possible Use as a Radiation Dosimeter

 

• A L Meléndez-López
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico; Institute of Geology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), ), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• M F García-Hurtado
  Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• J Cruz-Castañeda
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• A Negrón-Mendoza
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• S Ramos-Bernal
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• A Heredia
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2020.72008

Keywords: Polymeric dyes gels, Linearity dose -response, Gamma radiation

Abstract

This work aims to evaluate a dosimetric system composed of green malachite supported in agarose. Previous work showed that solutions of green malachite irradiated at 1 to 40 kGy present a linear behavior. This system is a gel composed of green malachite (2.5×10^–3 M), sodium benzoate (1%),
and agarose (1%) that was exposed tovarious doses of gamma irradiation. The irradiated systems were measured with a UV-V is spectrophotometer at 619 nm. Experimental parameters (such as dose rate, doses, and temperature) were controlled and optimized for reproducible and reliable results. More studies are needed to propose a dosimeter in the system in the range of 1.8 to 4.0 kGy.

 

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Issue

Vol 7 No 2 (2020): Special Issue

 

How to Cite

A L Meléndez-López; M F García-Hurtado; J Cruz-Castañeda; A Negrón-Mendoza; S Ramos-Bernal; A Heredia. Spectrophotometric Study of Polymeric DyesGels After a Gamma Irradiation Process for Its Possible Use As a Radiation Dosimeter. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2020, 7, 77-81.

 

How do Uncertainties in Atomic Parameters Influence Theoretical Predictions of X-Ray Production Cross Sections By Proton Impact?

 

• J Miranda
  Institute of Physics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Scientific Research Circuit S/N, Coyoacan-04510, Mexico

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2020.72007

Keywords: Ionization, X-ray production, Protons, Fluorescence yield, Coster-Kronig, Uncertainties

Abstract

The emission of characteristic X-rays induced by proton impact is a phenomenon known since the first half of the 20^th century. Its more widely known application is the analytical technique Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). Several models have been developed to calculate, first, ionization cross sections and then the subsequent X-ray production cross sections. However, to carry out the comparisons of these predictions with experimental data it is necessary to use atomic parameters databases (fluorescence yields, Coster-Kronig transition probabilities, emission rates) that also have experimental uncertainties. In this work it is demonstrated how these values do not allow to decide which model describes more accurately the cross sections, due to a final “theoretical uncertainty” obtained through the propagation of the original uncertainties.

 

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Issue

Vol 7 No 2 (2020): Special Issue

 

How to Cite

J Miranda. How Do Uncertainties in Atomic Parameters Influence Theoretical Predictions of X-Ray Production Cross Sections By Proton Impact?. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2020, 7, 71-76.