Ionizing Radiation, an Instrument in Chemical Evolution Studies: Scope and Perspectives

 

• E Y Aguilar-Ovando
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• A Negron-Mendoza
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• M L Ramirez-Vazquez
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04510 Mexico City, Mexico; Postgraduate in Earth Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)
• R C Acosta-Fernandez
  Chemistry Faculty, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2018.61017

Keywords: Chemical Evolution, Keto Acids, Ionizing Radiation

Abstract

The study of synthesis and stability of molecules in different environments it’s been part of chemistry evolution and origin of life studies for more than 70 years. Various kinds of ionizing radiation have been analyzed as possible sources of energy for the transformations undergone by the first organic molecules. Now experimental and computational simulation approaches continue with different groups of organic molecules, in search for more information that help us to understand and reconstruct somehow the mechanisms that took place on early Earth and space. In that line, this paper presents first approach of keto acids stability to ionizing radiation, an interesting group of molecules involved in the Krebs cycle and glycolysis. Preliminary results obtained by HPLC/UV analysis of irradiating aqueous solutions of 5 keto acids ranging from 3 to 6 carbons with a ⁶⁰Co gamma ray source, using doses up to 53 kGy, show different stabilities and a general tendency of shifting the keto-enol equilibrium to the enol tautomer before decomposition.

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Issue

Vol 6 No 1 (2018) 

 

 

How to Cite

E Y Aguilar-Ovando; A Negron-Mendoza; M L Ramirez-Vazquez; R C Acosta-Fernandez. Ionizing Radiation, an Instrument in Chemical Evolution Studies: Scope and Perspectives. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2018, 6, 99-101.

 

 

 

Agent Based Model of the Cytosine Radiation Induced Reaction

 

• A L Rivera
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences. National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico; Complexity Science Center, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)
• S Ramos-Beltran
  Complexity Science Center, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)
• A Paredes-Arriaga
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences. National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico; Sciences Faculty, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• A Negron-Mendoza
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences. National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2018.61016

Keywords: Radiation induced chemical reactions, Cytosine, Kinetics of reactions, Agent-based model

Abstract

The stability of cytosine in aqueous solution was studied in the laboratory, simulating prebiotic conditions and using gamma radiation as an energy source, to describe cytosine behavior under radiation. For a better understanding of the radiation-induced processes, we proposed a mathematical model that considers chemical reactions as nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The radiolysis can be computationally simulated by an agent-based model, wherein each chemical species involved is considered to be an agent that can interact with other species with known reaction rates. The radiation is contemplated as a factor that promotes product formation/destruction, and the temperature determines the diffusion speed of the agents. With this model, we reproduce the changes in cytosine concentration obtained in the laboratory under different irradiation conditions.

 

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Issue

Vol 6 No 1 (2018) 

 

 

 

How to Cite

A L Rivera; S Ramos-Beltran; A Paredes-Arriaga; A Negron-Mendoza. Agent Based Model of the Cytosine Radiation Induced Reaction. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2018, 6, 93-97.

 

Gamma Dosimetry Using Some Dyes in Organic Solvents Solutions at 295 and 77 K

 

• A L Melendez-Lopez
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico; Master’s and PhD Program in Chemical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• A Paredes-Arriaga
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• J Cruz-Castaneda
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico; Master’s and PhD Program in Chemical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• A Negron-Mendoza
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• S Ramos-Bernal
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
• M Colin-Garcia
  Institute of Geology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)
• A Heredia
  Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), PO Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
   

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2018.61015

Keywords: dyes, linearity dose -response, chemical dosimeter, low temperatures

Abstract

The aim of this work is to study the behavior under irradiation of different dyes (green malachite, methyl orange, red cresol, and bromothymol blue) in organic solvents (acetone and methanol) at different gamma doses and different temperatures to propose them as possible dosimeters for low-temperature applications. For this purpose, organic dissolutions were irradiated with gamma rays in the kiloGray (kGy) range at 77 and 295 K, and the color bleaching of the solutions was followed spectrophotometrically (UV-Vis range). The response curves at different temperatures show the linear range interval from 10 to 40 kGy with correlation coefficients of 0.999 and 0.998 for some systems. This is the main reason to continue carrying out studies that allow the proposal of these systems as chemical dosimeters.

 

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Issue

Vol 6 No 1 (2018)

 

How to Cite

A L Melendez-Lopez; A Paredes-Arriaga; J Cruz-Castaneda; A Negron-Mendoza; S Ramos-Bernal; M Colin-Garcia; A Heredia. Gamma Dosimetry Using Some Dyes in Organic Solvents Solutions at 295 and 77 K. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2018, 6, 87-92.

Shape Coexistence in Hot Rotating 100Nb

• Mamta AggarwalDepartment of Physics, University of Mumbai, Kalina Campus, Mumbai 400 098.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2018.52026

Keywords: Statistical theory, shape transition, A= 80-100, level density parameter, shape coexistence

Abstract

Temperature and angular momentum induced shape changes in the well deformed 100Nb have been investigated within the theoretical framework of Statistical theory combined with triaxially deformed Nilson potential and Strutinsky prescription. Two shape coexistence, one in the ground state of 104Nb between oblate and triaxial shapes and another one between oblate and rarely seen prolate non-collective shapes in excited hot rotating 100Nb at the mid spin values around 14-16h are reported for the first time. The level density parameter indicates the influence of the shell effects and changes drastically at the shape transition. The band crossing is observed at the sharp shape transition.

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How to Cite

Mamta Aggarwal. Shape Coexistence in Hot Rotating 100Nb. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2018, 5, 291-298.

Issue

Vol 5 No 2 (2018)

Dose Calibration and Track Diameter Distribution for 241Am-Be Neutron Source, Using CR-39 Nuclear Track Methodology

 

• J. S. BogardOak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6480, USA
• J. I. GolzarriInstitute of Physics, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04520 Mexico City, Mexico
• G. EspinosaInstitute of Physics, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04520 Mexico City, Mexico

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2018.61013

Keywords: Americium beryllium neutron source, track density imaging, CR-39 Nuclear Track, chemical etching process

Abstract

In neutron detection, the more common method is using electronic instrumentation associate with Bonner spheres, however, currently the Nuclear Tracks Methodology (NTM) is coming popular because of the simplicity, flexibility in size of the detector, no requirement for sophisticated instrumentation and installation, and low cost. In this work, a preliminary result of the dose calibration and track diameter distribution of Americium-Beryllium (241Am-Be) source using Nuclear Track Methodology is presented. As material detector, CR-39 polycarbonate, cut in 1.8 × 0.9 cm2 chips was chosen, and two step chemical etchings after neutron exposure was used to develop the tracks. The irradiations were made in environmental normal conditions, in the ORNL neutron calibration facilities. The CR-39 chips were placed in a phantom, with 3mm plastic (Lexan) sheet in between the source and detectorsto increase the proton generation. The total track density and track diameter distribution was performing in a Counting and Analysis Digital Image System (CADIS), developed at the Institute of Physics of the University of Mexico UNAM. The results are compared with a standard survey instrument and energy reference spectra of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

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Issue

Vol 6 No 1 (2018)

How to Cite

J. S. Bogard; J. I. Golzarri; G. Espinosa. Dose Calibration and Track Diameter Distribution for 241Am-Be Neutron Source, Using CR-39 Nuclear Track Methodology. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2018, 6, 77-80.