Determination of the Thermal Neutron Flux by Measuring Gamma Radiations with High and Low Resolution Detectors

 

• M. M. Hosamani
  Department of Studies in Physics Karnatak University, Dharwad, India.
• A. S. Bennal
  Department of Studies in Physics Karnatak University, Dharwad, India.
• N. M. Badiger
  Department of Studies in Physics Karnatak University, Dharwad, India.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2019.62027

Keywords: Thermal neutron flux, Neutron irradiation, Indium foil activation, on; Cadmium difference method

Abstract

Thermal neutron flux ₍Ф_th) of Americium-Beryllium (Am-Be) neutron source has been measured by adopting the foil activation method. The neutrons emitted from Am-Be source are used to activate the indium-115 (¹¹⁵In) foil. The gamma radiations emitted from the activated isomer ^116m1In are measured with NaI(Tl) and HPGe detectors. The thermal neutron flux is measured by adopting the cadmium (Cd) foil difference technique in which the Cd foil placed in front of the source to prevent the thermal neutrons from entering into the indium foil. The neutron flux is determined by measuring the gamma radiation emitted from indium foil using a low and high energy resolution NaI(Tl) and HPGe detectors respectively. The measured thermal neutron flux obtained from both detectors has been compared and found that the Ф_th does not depend on the resolution and type of the detectors used in the present investigations.

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Issue

Vol 6 No 2 (2019)

 

How to Cite

M. M. Hosamani; A. S. Bennal; N. M. Badiger. Determination of the Thermal Neutron Flux by Measuring Gamma Radiations With High and Low Resolution Detectors. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2019, 6, 187-193.

Mini Subcritical Nuclear Reactor

 

• Hector Rene Vega-Carrillo
  Academic Unit of Nuclear Studies of the University Autonomous of Zacatecas C. Cipres 10, Fracc. La Peñuela, Zacatecas, Zac. Mexico
• V. P. Singh
  Karanatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
• Claudia Rafela Escobedo-Galván
  Center of Scientific and Technological Studies No 18, Blvd. del Bote s/n. Cerro del Gato, Ejido la Escondida. 98160 Zacatecas, Zac. Mexico.
• Diego Medina Castro
  Academic Unit of Nuclear Studies of the University Autonomous of Zacatecas C. Cipres 10, Fracc. La Peñuela, Zacatecas, Zac. Mexico.
• Arturo Agustin Ortiz Hernandez
  Polytechnic University of Zacatecas, Plan de Pardillo s/n. Zona Industrial. Fresnillo, Zac. Mexico
• Teodoro Rivera-Montalvo
  Research Center in Applied Science and Advanced Technology-IPN Legaria unit, Av. Legaria 694, Col. Irrigación. 11500 Ciudad de Mexico. Mexico.
• Segundo Agustín Martínez-Ovalle
  Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia, Tunja, Colombia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2019.62026

Keywords: Subcritical nuclear reactor, Nuclear Chicago, Monte Carlo, Neutron spectrum, keff.

Abstract

A mini subcritical nuclear reactor was designed using Monte Carlo methods. The reactor has light water as moderator, natural uranium as fuel, and a ²³⁹PuBe neutron source. In the design uranium fuel was modeled in an arrangement of concentric rings: 8.5, 14.5, 20.5 26.5, 32.5 cm-inner radius, 3 cm-thick, and 36 cm-high. Different models were made from a single ring of natural uranium to five rings. For each case, the neutron spectra, the neutron fluence distribution, the effective multiplication factor, the amplification factor, and the reactor power were estimated. The ambient dose equivalent rate outside the mini reactor was also estimated. The maximum value for the k_eff (0.78) was obtained when five rings of fuel were used; this value is close to 0.86 which belongs to a Nuclear Chicago subcritical reactor which requires almost twice the amount of uranium than the mini subcritical reactor.

 

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Issue

Vol 6 No 2 (2019)

 

How to Cite

Hector Rene Vega-Carrillo; V. P. Singh; Claudia Rafela Escobedo-Galván; Diego Medina Castro; Arturo Agustin Ortiz Hernandez; Teodoro Rivera-Montalvo; Segundo Agustín Martínez-Ovalle. Mini Subcritical Nuclear Reactor. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2019, 6, 179-185.

Response to Neutrons and γ-rays of Two Liquid Scintillators

 

• Hector Rene Vega-Carrillo
  Academic Unit of Nuclear Studies of the University Autonomous of Zacatecas, C. Cipres 10,Fracc. La Peñuela, 98060 Zacatecas, Zac. Mexico.
• Martha Isabel Escalona-Llaguno
  Academic Unit of Nuclear Studies of the University Autonomous of Zacatecas, C. Cipres 10,Fracc. La Peñuela, 98060 Zacatecas, Zac. Mexico.
• Luis Hernandez-Adame
  CONACyT - Center for Biological Research of the Northwest, S.C., Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur 23090 La Paz, BCS. Mexico
• Sergio M. Sarmiento-Rosales
  Academic Unit of Nuclear Studies of the University Autonomous of Zacatecas, C. Cipres 10,Fracc. La Peñuela, 98060 Zacatecas, Zac. Mexico.
• Claudia A. Márquez-Mata
  Academic Unit of Nuclear Studies of the University Autonomous of Zacatecas, C. Cipres 10,Fracc. La Peñuela, 98060 Zacatecas, Zac. Mexico.
• Guillermo E. Campillo-Rivera
  Academic Unit of Nuclear Studies of the University Autonomous of Zacatecas, C. Cipres 10,Fracc. La Peñuela, 98060 Zacatecas, Zac. Mexico.
• V.P. Singh
  Karanatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India-580003
• Teodoro Rivera-Montalvo
  Center for Research in Applied Science and Advanced Technology - Legaria Unit of IPN, Av. Legaria 694, Col. Irrigación, 11500 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
• Segundo Agustin Martínez-Ovalle
  Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia, Tunja, Colombia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2019.62025

Keywords: Response, Liquid Scintillator, Detectors, neutrons, Gamma Rays, UltimaGold, Optiphase

Abstract

UltimaGold^TM AB and OptiphaseTrisafe are two liquid scintillators made by Perkin Elmer and EG & G Company respectively. Both are commercially promoted as scintillation detectors for α and β particles. In this work, the responses to γ-rays and neutrons of UltimaGold^TM AB and OptiphaseTriSafe liquid scintillators, without and with reflector, have been measured aiming to use these scintillators as γ-rays and neutron detectors. Responses to γ-rays and neutrons were measured as pulse shape spectra in a multichannel analyzer. Scintillators were exposed to gamma rays produced by ¹³⁷Cs, ⁵⁴Mn, ²²Na and ⁶⁰Co sources. The response to neutrons was obtained with a ²⁴¹AmBe neutron source that was measured to 25 and 50 cm from the scintillators. The pulse height spectra due to gamma rays are shifted to larger channels as the photon energy increases and these responses are different from the response due to neutrons. Thus, UltimaGold^TM AB and OptiphaseTrisafe can be used to detect γ-rays and neutrons.

 

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Issue

Vol 6 No 2 (2019) 

 

 

How to Cite

Hector Rene Vega-Carrillo; Martha Isabel Escalona-Llaguno; Luis Hernandez-Adame; Sergio M. Sarmiento-Rosales; Claudia A. Márquez-Mata; Guillermo E. Campillo-Rivera; V.P. Singh; Teodoro Rivera-Montalvo; Segundo Agustin Martínez-Ovalle. Response to Neutrons and γ-Rays of Two Liquid Scintillators. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2019, 6, 171-178.

 

On the Role of Large Nuclear Gravity in Understanding Strong Coupling Constant, Nuclear Stability Range, Binding Energy of Isotopes and Magic proton numbers – A Critical Review

 

• U.V.S. Seshavatharam
  Honorary faculty, I-SERVE, Survey no-42, Hitech city, Hyderabad-84,Telangana, India
• S. Lakshminarayana
  Dept. of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-03, AP, India.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2019.62024

Keywords: Strong nuclear gravity, nuclear elementary charge, strong coupling constant, nuclear stability range, binding energy of isotopes, magic proton numbers

Abstract

With reference to our earlier published views on large nuclear gravitational constant G_s, nuclear elementary charge e_s and strong coupling constant α_s ≅ e/e_s ², in this paper, we present simple relations for nuclear stability range, binding energy of isotopes and magic proton numbers. Even though ‘speculative’ in nature, proposed concepts are simple to understand, easy to implement, result oriented, effective and unified. Our proposed model seems to span across the Planck scale and nuclear scale and can be called as SPAN model (STRANGE* physics of atomic nucleus).

 

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Issue

Vol 6 No 2 (2019) 

 

 

How to Cite

U.V.S. Seshavatharam; S. Lakshminarayana. On the Role of Large Nuclear Gravity in Understanding Strong Coupling Constant, Nuclear Stability Range, Binding Energy of Isotopes and Magic Proton Numbers – A Critical Review. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2019, 6, 155-169.

 

Goodness of Generalized Seniority in Even-even Sn Isotopes

 

• Bhoomika Maheshwari
  Department of Physics, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022, India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2019.62023

Keywords: Sn isotopes, Seniority, Generalized Seniority, Isomer, B(E1), B(E2), B(E3), First excited 2 and 3- states

Abstract

Seniority has proved to be a unique and simple probe to address some of the complex issues underlying nuclear structure of nuclei close to magic numbers. An extension from the concept of seniority in single-j shell to generalized seniority in multi-j shell has recently been provided by us. We have, consequently, established new selection rules for gamma decays and discovered the new seniority isomers decaying via odd electric multipole operators. We have successfully explained the B(EL; L=1,2,3) behavior of various high spin isomers and other excited states. More specifically, we have been able to explain the long-standing puzzle of double hump in the B(E2) values for the first excited 2⁺ states of even-even Z=50 (Sn) isotopes. In the present paper, we review these generalized seniority calculations with emphasis on even-even Sn isotopes. We first discuss the generalized seniority results for the E1 decaying 13^- isomers and E2 decaying 10⁺, 15^- isomers, and then present the cases of first-excited 2⁺ and 3^- states. The generalized seniority proves out to be a reasonably good quantum number. The significance of configuration mixing is found to be true. The calculated results has been validated till high seniority v=4 states and expected to be valid for higher seniority v=6,… states also.

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Issue

Vol 6 No 2 (2019)

 

Bhoomika Maheshwari. Goodness of Generalized Seniority in Even-Even Sn Isotopes. J. Nucl. Phy. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 2019, 6, 147-154.